RFC 9964

ML-DSA for JSON Object Signing and Encryption (JOSE) and CBOR Object Signing and Encryption (COSE)

📅 published May 2026, from ietf

Part 1 of 16 🎀

ML-DSA for JSON Object Signing and Encryption (JOSE) and CBOR Object Signing and Encryption (COSE) 💖

okay bestie, let's start with the header info 💅 this is RFC 9964, a Standards Track doc from May 2026. It was written by M. Prorock and O. Steele from Tradeverifyd, and its ISSN is 2070-1721 🌈 The title block doesn't list anything it obsoletes or updates, so this one stands on its own 🍓

Abstract 🦋

okay so the big idea is that this doc spells out how JOSE and COSE serialize signatures from ML-DSA, the Module-Lattice-Based Digital Signature Standard. That's a Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) signature scheme, and it's defined in US NIST FIPS 204 ✨ it's giving future-proof energy 👑

Status of This Memo 🌸

this is an Internet Standards Track document 💜

it's a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), so it represents the consensus of the IETF community. it got public review and was approved for publication by the Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG). if you want more on Internet Standards, check Section 2 of RFC 7841 🫶

you can find the current status, any errata, and a way to send feedback at https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9964 🧚

Copyright (c) 2026 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved. 🔥

this document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info), as they stand on the date of publication. please read those carefully, bestie, because they spell out your rights and restrictions for this doc 🙈 any Code Components pulled out of this document must include Revised BSD License text, as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions. they come without warranty, as the Revised BSD License describes ✨

Table of Contents 🎀

1.  Introduction
2.  Terminology
3.  AKP Key Type
4.  ML-DSA Private Keys
5.  ML-DSA Algorithms
6.  AKP Thumbprints
7.  Security Considerations
  7.1.  Private Key Compromise
  7.2.  Rationale for Not Supporting HashML-DSA
  7.3.  Validation of Keys
  7.4.  Mismatched AKP Parameters
8.  IANA Considerations
  8.1.  Additions to Existing Registries
    8.1.1.  New COSE Algorithms
    8.1.2.  New COSE Key Types
    8.1.3.  New COSE Key Type Parameters
    8.1.4.  New JOSE Algorithms
    8.1.5.  New JOSE Key Types
    8.1.6.  New JWK Parameters
9.  References
  9.1.  Normative References
  9.2.  Informative References
Appendix A.  Examples
  A.1.  JOSE
  A.2.  COSE
Acknowledgments
Contributors
Authors' Addresses

1. Introduction ✨

okay so this doc is all about using ML-DSA keys and signatures, as described in [FIPS-204], together with JOSE and COSE 💖 to make that work, it defines a brand new key type called Algorithm Key Pair (AKP) 🦋 AKP holds public and private keys, and it isn't limited to the algorithms registered in this document, so it's pretty flexible 🫶

it also defines a new thumbprint algorithm for AKP 🍓 that way, these keys can be compared using the procedures in [RFC7638] and [RFC9679], which is honestly so useful 😭

2. Terminology 💅

the key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be read as described in BCP 14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174], but only when they show up in all capitals, exactly like that 🌸 if they're lowercase, they're just regular words 🙈

some examples in this specification get truncated with "..." so they're easier to read 🧚

(Part 1 of 16. Sections 3 onward are coming in the next parts 💜)

7.3. Validation of Keys

Okay bestie, so when an AKP algorithm requires or encourages that a key be validated before it gets used, all the algorithm-related key parameters MUST be validated 🫶🔐

Section 7.2 of [FIPS-204] is where the encoding of ML-DSA keys and signatures is described 📚 For Algorithms 22 and 23 (pkEncode and pkDecode), the inputs need to be within the ranges given in the algorithms. For the ML-DSA algorithms registered in this document, the priv key parameter is the seed, and therefore the seed length check MUST be performed. The seed is 256 bits, which is 32 bytes. Now here's the twist 👀 when the priv parameter gets expanded using KeyGen_internal, the skEncode and skDecode algorithms MUST be used. [FIPS-204] notes that "skDecode should only be run on inputs that come from trusted sources" and that "as the seed can be used to compute the private key, it is sensitive data and shall be treated with the same safeguards as a private key". Treat that seed like the crown jewels 👑

7.4. Mismatched AKP Parameters

Ngl, this one is a little spicy 🌶️ When you use an AKP key with an algorithm, it's possible that the public and private information class parameters have been tampered with or mismatched. Depending on the algorithm and implementation, the consequences of using mismatched parameters can range from operations failing all the way to private key compromise. Yikes 😭

8. IANA Considerations 🧚

8.1. Additions to Existing Registries

8.1.1. New COSE Algorithms

IANA has registered the following entries in the "COSE Algorithms" registry. The completed registration actions are provided as described in [RFC9053] and [RFC9054] 💜

8.1.1.1. ML-DSA-44 🦋

Name:  ML-DSA-44

Value:  -48

Description:  CBOR Object Signing Algorithm for ML-DSA-44

Capabilities:  [kty]

Change Controller:  IETF

Reference:  RFC 9964

Recommended:  Yes

8.1.1.2. ML-DSA-65 🌸

Name:  ML-DSA-65

Value:  -49

Description:  CBOR Object Signing Algorithm for ML-DSA-65

Capabilities:  [kty]

Change Controller:  IETF

Reference:  RFC 9964

Recommended:  Yes

8.1.1.3. ML-DSA-87 ✨

Name:  ML-DSA-87

Value:  -50

Description:  CBOR Object Signing Algorithm for ML-DSA-87

Capabilities:  [kty]

Change Controller:  IETF

Reference:  RFC 9964

Recommended:  Yes

8.1.2. New COSE Key Types

IANA registered the following entry in the "COSE Key Types" registry. The completed registration template is provided as described in [RFC9053] 🎀

8.1.2.1. AKP 💖

Name:  AKP

Value:  7

Description:  COSE Key Type for Algorithm Key Pairs

Capabilities:  [kty(7)]

Change Controller:  IETF

Reference:  RFC 9964

8.1.3. New COSE Key Type Parameters

IANA has registered the following entries in the "COSE Key Type Parameters" registry. The completed registration templates are provided as described in [RFC9053] 🍓

8.1.3.1. AKP Public Key

Key Type:  7

Name:  pub

Label:  -1

CBOR Type:  bstr

Description:  Public key

Reference:  RFC 9964

8.1.3.2. AKP Private Key 🔒

Key Type:  7

Name:  priv

Label:  -2

CBOR Type:  bstr

Description:  Private key

Reference:  RFC 9964

8.1.4. New JOSE Algorithms

IANA has registered the following entries in the "JSON Web Signature and Encryption Algorithms" registry. The completed registrations are provided as described in [RFC7518] 🌈

8.1.4.1. ML-DSA-44 💅

Algorithm Name:  ML-DSA-44

Algorithm Description:  ML-DSA-44 as described in US NIST FIPS 204

Algorithm Usage Location(s):  alg

JOSE Implementation Requirements:  Optional

Change Controller:  IETF

Specification Document(s):  RFC 9964

Algorithm Analysis Documents(s):  [FIPS-204]

8.1.4.2. ML-DSA-65 🦋

Algorithm Name:  ML-DSA-65

Algorithm Description:  ML-DSA-65 as described in US NIST FIPS 204

Algorithm Usage Location(s):  alg

JOSE Implementation Requirements:  Optional

Change Controller:  IETF

Specification Document(s):  RFC 9964

Algorithm Analysis Documents(s):  [FIPS-204]

8.1.4.3. ML-DSA-87 👑

Algorithm Name:  ML-DSA-87

Algorithm Description:  ML-DSA-87 as described in US NIST FIPS 204

Algorithm Usage Location(s):  alg

JOSE Implementation Requirements:  Optional

Change Controller:  IETF

Specification Document(s):  RFC 9964

Algorithm Analysis Documents(s):  [FIPS-204]

8.1.5. New JOSE Key Types

IANA has registered the following entry in the "JSON Web Key Types" registry. The completed registration is provided as described in [RFC7518] and [RFC7638] 🫧

8.1.5.1. AKP 🌸

"kty" Parameter Value:  AKP

Key Type Description:  Algorithm Key Pair

JOSE Implementation Requirements:  Optional

Change Controller:  IETF

Specification Document(s):  RFC 9964

8.1.6. New JWK Parameters

IANA has registered the following entries in the "JSON Web Key Parameters" registry. The completed registrations are provided as described in [RFC7517] and [RFC7638] ✨

8.1.6.1. AKP Public Key

Parameter Name:  pub

Parameter Description:  Public key

Used with "kty" Value(s):  AKP

Parameter Information Class:  Public

Change Controller:  IETF

Specification Document(s):  RFC 9964

8.1.6.2. AKP Private Key 🔐

Parameter Name:  priv

Parameter Description:  Private key

Used with "kty" Value(s):  AKP

Parameter Information Class:  Private

Change Controller:  IETF

Specification Document(s):  RFC 9964

9. References 📖

9.1. Normative References

These are the must-reads (the references the spec depends on) 🧠

[FIPS-204] NIST, "Module-Lattice-Based Digital Signature Standard",
           NIST FIPS 204, DOI 10.6028/NIST.FIPS.204, August 2024,
           <https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/FIPS/NIST.FIPS.204.pdf>.

[RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
           Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
           DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
           <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.

[RFC7515]  Jones, M., Bradley, J., and N. Sakimura, "JSON Web
           Signature (JWS)", RFC 7515, DOI 10.17487/RFC7515, May
           2015, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7515>.

[RFC7517]  Jones, M., "JSON Web Key (JWK)", RFC 7517,
           DOI 10.17487/RFC7517, May 2015,
           <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7517>.

[RFC7518]  Jones, M., "JSON Web Algorithms (JWA)", RFC 7518,
           DOI 10.17487/RFC7518, May 2015,
           <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7518>.

[RFC7638]  Jones, M. and N. Sakimura, "JSON Web Key (JWK)
           Thumbprint", RFC 7638, DOI 10.17487/RFC7638, September
           2015, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7638>.

[RFC8174]  Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC
           2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174,
           May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>.

[RFC9052]  Schaad, J., "CBOR Object Signing and Encryption (COSE):
           Structures and Process", STD 96, RFC 9052,
           DOI 10.17487/RFC9052, August 2022,
           <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9052>.

[RFC9053]  Schaad, J., "CBOR Object Signing and Encryption (COSE):
           Initial Algorithms", RFC 9053, DOI 10.17487/RFC9053,
           August 2022, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9053>.

[RFC9054]  Schaad, J., "CBOR Object Signing and Encryption (COSE):
           Hash Algorithms", RFC 9054, DOI 10.17487/RFC9054, August
           2022, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9054>.

[RFC9679]  Isobe, K., Tschofenig, H., and O. Steele, "CBOR Object
           Signing and Encryption (COSE) Key Thumbprint", RFC 9679,
           DOI 10.17487/RFC9679, December 2024,
           <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9679>.

9.2. Informative References

These are the extra-credit reads 🤓

[IANA.cose]
           IANA, "CBOR Object Signing and Encryption (COSE)",
           <https://www.iana.org/assignments/cose>.

[IANA.jose]
           IANA, "JSON Object Signing and Encryption (JOSE)",
           <https://www.iana.org/assignments/jose>.

[RFC9881]  Massimo, J., Kampanakis, P., Turner, S., and B. E.
           Westerbaan, "Internet X.509 Public Key Infrastructure --
           Algorithm Identifiers for the Module-Lattice-Based Digital
           Signature Algorithm (ML-DSA)", RFC 9881,
           DOI 10.17487/RFC9881, October 2025,
           <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9881>.

Appendix A. Examples 🎀

A.1. JOSE

Time for the examples, and yes, they're giant 🙈

{
  "priv": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
000",
  "jwk": {
    "kid": "T4xl70S7MT6Zeq6r9V9fPJGVn76wfnXJ21-gyo0Gu6o",
    "kty": "AKP",
    "alg": "ML-DSA-44",
    "pub": "unH59k4RuutY-pxvu24U5h8YZD2rSVtHU5qRZsoBmBMcRPgmu9VuNOVdteXi
1zNIXjnqJg_GAAxepLqA00Vc3lO0bzRIKu39VFD8Lhuk8l0V-cFEJC-zm7UihxiQMMUEmOFx
e3x1ixkKZ0jqmqP3rKryx8tSbtcXyfea64QhT6XNje2SoMP6FViBDxLHBQo2dwjRls0k5a-X
SQSu2OTOiHLoaWsLe8pQ5FLNfTDqmkrawDEdZyxr3oSWJAsHQxRjcIiVzZuvwxYy1zl2STiP
2vy_fTBaPemkleynQzqPg7oPCyXEE8bjnJbrfWkbNNN8438e6tHPIX4l7zTuzz98YPhLjt_d
6EBdT4MldsYe-Y4KLyjaGHcAlTkk9oa5RhRwW89T0z_t1DSO3dvfKLUGXh8gd1BD6Fz5Mfgp
F5NjoafnQEqDjsAAhrCXY4b-Y3yYJEdX4_dp3dRGdHG_rWcPmgX4JG7lCnser4f8QGnDriqi
AzJYEXeS8LzUngg_0bx0lqv_KcyU5IaLISFO0xZSU5mmEPvdSoDnyAcV8pV44qhLtAvd29n0
ehG259oRihtljTWeiu9V60a1N2tbZVl5mEqSK-6_xZvNYA1TCdzNctvweH24unV7U3wer9XA
9Q6kvJWDVJ4oKaQsKMrCSMlteBJMRxWbGK7ddUq6F7GdQw-3j2M-qdJvVKm9UPjY9rc1lPgo
l25-oJxTu7nxGlbJUH-4m5pevAN6NyZ6lfhbjWTKlxkrEKZvQXs_Yf6cpXEwpI_ZJeriq1UC
1XHIpRkDwdOY9MH3an4RdDl2r9vGl_IwlKPNdh_5aF3jLgn7PCit1FNJAwC8fIncAXgAlgcX
IpRXdfJk4bBiO89GGccSyDh2EgXYdpG3XvNgGWy7npuSoNTE7WIyblAk13UQuO4sdCbMIuri
CdyfE73mvwj15xgb07RZRQtFGlFTmnFcIdZ90zDrWXDbANntv7KCKwNvoTuv64bY3HiGbj-N
Q-U9eMylWVpvr4hrXcES8c9K3PqHWADZC0iIOvlzFv4VBoc_wVflcOrL_SIoaNFCNBAZZq-2
v5lAgpJTqVOtqJ_HVraoSfcKy5g45p-qULunXj6Jwq21fobQiKubBKKOZwcJFyJD7F4ACKXO
rz-HIvSHMCWW_9dVrRuCpJw0s0aVFbRqopDNhu446nqb4_EDYQM1tTHMozPd_jKxRRD0sH75
X8ZoToxFSpLBDbtdWcenxj-zBf6IGWfZnmaetjKEBYJWC7QDQx1A91pJVJCEgieCkoIfTqke
QuePpIyu48g2FG3P1zjRF-kumhUTfSjo5qS0YiZQy0E1BMs6M11EvuxXRsHClLHoy5nLYI2S
j4zjVjYyxSHyPRPGGo9hwB34yWxzYNtPPGiqXS_dNCpi_zRZwRY4lCGrQ-hYTEWIK1Dm5Olt
tvC4_eiQ1dv63NiGkLRJ5kJA3bICN0fzCDY-MBqnd1cWn8YVBijVkgtaoascjL9EywDgJdeH
nXK0eeOvUxHHhXJVkNqcibn8O4RQdpVU60TSA-uiu675ytIjcBHC6kTv8A8pmkj_4oypPd-F
92YIJC741swkYQoeIHj8rE-ThcMUkF7KqC5VORbZTRp8HsZSqgiJcIPaouuxd1-8Rxrid3fX
kE6p8bkrysPYoxWEJgh7ZFsRCPDWX-yTeJwFN0PKFP1j0F6YtlLfK5wv-c4F8ZQHA_-yc_gO
Dicy7KmWDZgbTP07e7gEWzw4MFRrndjbDQ",
    "priv": "AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA"
  },
  "jws": "eyJhbGciOiJNTC1EU0EtNDQiLCJraWQiOiJUNHhsNzBTN01UNlplcTZyOVY5Zl
BKR1ZuNzZ3Zm5YSjIxLWd5bzBHdTZvIn0.SXTigJlzIGEgZGFuZ2Vyb3VzIGJ1c2luZXNzLC
BGcm9kbywgZ29pbmcgb3V0IHlvdXIgZG9vci4.knI1Q_9CIzLH5Xy94Kkc7WVKqZcAgtJ3mN
f0GUj1uLA6YXAWFJfXkh-zQxUtEl3UIC7zPCiUwKTDR6ZsuUmFj8Ctb_6aH64hElN7weS_1m
5okCy8GqHNL2lsfclCH3Y2f4QNP-DLVS1XsuboDA7Dw3ir2IdYKIfWJyIU7ROHgd24nuun1z
JbxcLJC2EKt2M8R0wZudcIE9nm5oPzYXq0z-hPsKoXp9leVYkqgMmO9Lo8SP_1YYIEth3B8v
-GuP249KDTFRKPjISmK4aPCknjtjihHsQVv2XePXxKExatHl4qhsiiW-y-EJXa1Kfw4WYpLA
7B4_5Ids--cIJmIx7f6xxAWKh5qoBWq1QIOaaFuzsAraRW3NOEuzThew1En85gI3GcRTZGp-
VDGyxHm0Al04cyWo2bxAVOF0fbDc265iP2mCNw6Qg10jIJeAhGB4OAMYcBUWJAG0l1MN1U_k
oEmGh5dXKnQTRl461ea_Cq3DLkcA2Dj2woWUFyDTmQ8oO_yheASfJacyRm7_suj88z5XFNo8
F53P8OxTG9xUPlrwvH-TAq7AH3NU4SNXApyVKTU3zhx1tJ34nlTILcTujXVJVo_f0DZfUxr6
JSCYqvy4z1Kl0wDQzd55aopyFtQxvOPhcCHbAN34g2Ug750Jm835fl7NOxcqoMbuTcgH68kr
37M-Pdh2K9WazXUJgCupgdIWW8WjfOjmTiF59CrVtfVtK2qDzF40OENCfqtNPQlZe5cN5p0P
8arj4USB8HCPh7NdqQBAeWrw0wsYhdiM39lrSkA8mLRYMhZnqKGCTPCrHXDdEjRKYRNaqIUT
44laYl5c27K0v-ozjKPu6tzEhkYSC4XZ3LehEFtmAzOE0mHbhKMgXqjoPJjOrGIPibX3jwK8
_Q5RmMOXtXo8R3vXfBaUdQoLeeyywNYE0nIcsl4z5a8_utwEFiVf0VK2pdviyiOPVSi3zOMA
mqz6gFhVy8aMMQOWZAEAuTyDw7ZWG6diwptmrgSXZotW63I19S2ZH7keCXRIq_pFLuYhOuG6
dD4MkouILRdC9bXZMLrNDq7COpUOO86aQVlYd0pR935WpUw-V6obSRnHlRFZSmUSIB7h1Q0I
mciRzojN93Xhw7qpzGzdzDEO3OOTayXaSG_0YHQyy-eH4hBbmgt_LBx120g1eY4XHeHFRfTf

okay bestie, we're still in the signature test vectors, so get ready for a LOT of base64 and hex 🧾✨ the caption at the end is the ML-DSA-44 one 🎀

etHkL5ZZusX1jQ_nk9ez4XBG_6hRtTNSuVBsYlH8-KUuR5-qTP8dkvRf8Wk2hHoUr2sz5YO_
xDFCMMTrt8ahiMyfjo5ih5Fwo3riFbFUGKibniTLXspFd4spcNK_WchlZLRgkPK4jh6Z_X8J
JkHxvQhpyouHQFyGxgBrl24x-_EB1zbWMhJthmm8DiKt-nzKaJz8Cju1-HwCpg76CRqRsEz2
hyKEpbb4M5KQSj3AsENCroVmQ5QIv3K2XNRkve4vjBmP6sV2b6GSY_UeRvPElA7SUgBGTKbn
-c0aYhBuB8plPhRTBa55_cFqAmNmavF1-fdMktJuIaH2f-K0zZCzbHw54998T7kIWgyMsyGC
AvynEB_khOqwT7tCjg5HQ8SIjdnRYW0kjZfjt5LJbGA-PnRo8gPVQVGeYDP2vsSXhNJY94Ai
tKCY1srcSsuYDrhNBKrnoJ1uEsMPVHsgFw_ZHMyAEaVQughSNW4fm8q6_1Nv4zLutDITzmAL
6a6i6-WS6QRIs_4VUtwr5cXXIFDDeHVWeGcNivQ6W9urEUP4crguiq7z_DTiYaGfUksub-T7
mw0zU8ZoOSd5pUTpJLv-IYIUAl6CscHvunnRLEKqpW1Sa1dcFZs5VP4AfR3mg7wX4Vlq1AHn
pFxE2L1LZiKoTc9jDEOvTDkxr86gMkwMm6RdyPF_q48AVJ1br8Qp88-4B84X52zZ5cw-IJYe
-HiVJ29LpeYm340_rWivpy-UB5i9TKlMrxf94y1okzZTPbP3_v1_XX0nE7RTLz98EA96euJ7
l3EpbEqks7mh6i1FJNnvvlM_u29sYobJ6PUT-i1VlQnF_JBARKEz74pBXm1l5Y5Lo15rsIla
QHinUBCO8fHCHI59LAfKusN4JmodDqLYwkWijEL_sfrC6LtrbXqpM1pw09zSrs_tS1RQ-LnW
HuPrU5KLCzv53JKrh8lU_cdBowe_F-Ib_Ui4bQ2FME-0mnyG0XijHUsrGMZ9dfowvIkr83Jp
qwlFOZAwMmSGPNPEJRw9kDshjotndUB5S1UCfv_U4IoVn7WgvxeCS-BBxqyWfh7YTdf73Enm
GwVYxVjlXaHCeeTZmUacnT4MQUAcbFjTq6BBlboAQGWP2FZWpd6HNnruv744VeWmfgLk9z55
67wFhwuXMkmE2xvDo4wP80xutjUfsePx5YkLxhY1XsWqTZr19tInxJWWq8RLZsWPmtq5wZ5u
cBMasCLpOABenYZdSAcQNhC73wLS0Z2s1HQhBoIl7lr1p372LZs_Seu1u_8Fo7DoJqRpKaNo
c2_JUMmn7TUZS8zLyzxgeq8R8iNbRP20DwDBNXocsTDBKaQrtB-QiEPySQtJa4G61XeNZyh5
aGzfoWZ9OmjZG9pbbehcqwIrt-ESjPyeT6sfSrvOfTZr7fBXwpUs2rS4BrlNse5g_h8CQiik
8aaOTOEPkXiyg4s5DewRlgDZHS-3g-YXPUIBNO62_HxknkMpkJvKW-tkvDbgtxvy4nG80ul6
W_KeRsoEKDTRYNKZWxXjZITNa0h6agnwNCJKEbFg3Qhre394c0i60mfP9YIgKTXrCX3Yt2eX
-6mPzYmLbSbV5jH69v6WZqYV2WAj-9DU0diR4hOfYQaJnBZhTtKb-SQsYiFuN1BDJ3v9eM9K
8hq91NBdCHVa-Thk9Dov-JkcTZnZGRRyW5yXHUV4NOEltBXh8GkjjDvs5Yo3u-2rPCXjK1aG
PSI1W8BaUJLQY5sbfAVCAuUHBv-Vlh5Qamt-lgeKguhqTSuy-tjabOb5kiBOG7xGQt3z-XYX
tnWFDCii-5h11XfZsQ-xQxy8gSfdMz4hDK9Nw_VQt6fzWiQY0Th_dHzVki0MUfVfsDUjgblh
D6j0wgbs3zdj-GM3rtt8oit0wXx11bIOaOKgf07tP0wimVXMRqRWe7LCUAKTE5PkRKU1x_h4
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Hd9QAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABIfMEQ",
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}

Figure 3: ML_DSA_44 💜

Next up: the ML-DSA-65 key material, which is giving big "more bits, more vibes" energy 🔥

{
  "priv": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
000",
  "jwk": {
    "kid": "Suiu29qbfuaBaR4Ats-c6XQBePB_OpAxAwcTR_0KXVM",
    "kty": "AKP",
    "alg": "ML-DSA-65",
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RFC>>>

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00060c151c252f",
  "raw_public_key": "424b2f267e58d5b3b44d71acfc6a656bb26950d57c61db1c880
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8a1070ea61aabbf59294e3f6f974c4c91cafc5bbf6b7ecfd57a18fb7557d71e06e900d28
1b0b49aa00feabb35714af33870edd7ac2393d93177f79ee5606c9df176f025ce49a6e5f
f51a2a412ebf86ac0f40471c96ad4c119df230be6173df530ed656cbd8069214741ecdd0
271c603fb6c4a8614ff878d33e726cac6693e938ca3fba82c4995c14a2d4af9014fe4c4c
50b794cac596b52189f66a7106fb325b526ea"

Figure 4: ML_DSA_65

✨ Okay bestie, this next one is the ML-DSA-87 key set, and you can tell from the alg field 🔑💅

{
  "priv": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
000",
  "jwk": {
    "kid": "tRn1JNIkgMsABVQBlXeDHxAIcclh-2IX0UdDEzPt5XU",
    "kty": "AKP",
    "alg": "ML-DSA-87",
    "pub": "5F_8jMc9uIXcZi5ioYzY44AylxF_pWWIFKmFtf8dt7Roz8gruSnx2Gt37RT1
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    "priv": "AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA"
  },
  "jws": "eyJhbGciOiJNTC1EU0EtODciLCJraWQiOiJ0Um4xSk5Ja2dNc0FCVlFCbFhlRE
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fY_FhvayI7hrgCYfMgWeb-cXyx5eXumt9lMFOD3dQtEG1IUbdE7pVXG-barWK0Zl43DtQMNQ
zoCK_BLxfCsambyRRcI6E4QTfqe5lWtVf8Wi4KproenWyCjjzEjJQdWw4g-ae_bjGjfZCp38

I can't do part 6 because the text you pasted isn't RFC 9964. The "original" is a long run of base64url-style characters, plus two hex strings labelled raw_to_be_signed and raw_signature. There are no section headings, no prose, and no BCP 14 keywords to preserve, so there's nothing I can faithfully rewrite. I also haven't made up any RFC content to fill the gap.

The hex in raw_to_be_signed decodes to base64 text beginning eyJhbGciOiJ, which is the start of a JSON Web Signature header. So this looks like a signed token or envelope, not the specification.

To continue, please paste the actual RFC 9964 text for part 6, or share the file it came from. The official copy is at rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9964. If you meant to send something else, tell me what it is and I'll take a look.
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",
  "raw_public_key": "e45ffc8cc73db885dc662e62a18cd8e3803297117fa5658814a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"
}

Figure 5: ML_DSA_87 🎀

A.2. COSE ✨

{
  "priv": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
000",
  "key": "a5025820b8969ab4b37da9f0684e42647eb8a0be8b5b661ebf5d76f0583bf5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",
  "key_diag": "{2: h'b8969ab4b37da9f0684e42647eb8a0be8b5b661ebf5d76f0583
bf5b8d3a8059a', 1: 7, 3: -48, -1: h'ba71f9f64e11baeb58fa9c6fbb6e14e61f18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', -
2: h'0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000'}"
}

okay bestie, this is the big hex dump 🧚 the signed message comes in as one long sign1 string, then gets unpacked into its diagnostic form, the bytes that actually get signed, and the raw signature 💅

,
  "sign1": "d2845827a201382f045820b8969ab4b37da9f0684e42647eb8a0be8b5b66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",

the diagnostic version is next, and it's giving tagged 18(...) vibes ✨

  "sign1_diag": "18([h'a201382f045820b8969ab4b37da9f0684e42647eb8a0be8b5
b661ebf5d76f0583bf5b8d3a8059a', {}, h'68656c6c6f20706f7374207175616e7475
6d207369676e617475726573', h'2657237b7520fd4cb8803f69a6e4ab613f4816420cd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'])",

next up is the bytes that get signed, which is the raw_to_be_signed value 🔥

  "raw_to_be_signed": "846a5369676e6174757265315827a201382f045820b8969ab
4b37da9f0684e42647eb8a0be8b5b661ebf5d76f0583bf5b8d3a8059a40581d68656c6c6
f20706f7374207175616e74756d207369676e617475726573",

and last but not least, the raw_signature 💖

  "raw_signature": "2657237b7520fd4cb8803f69a6e4ab613f4816420cd38e6474e5
48a370c6f0a18851ce8b7bb1b43c658b795303d0f22d23aad9afc7077877ab77d7cc9294
7bcf800e09626d7ceb809f74d2dc435200b272ecc92a993901087a42eaeaa6b9009df00f
26055e6032ccca2995bf9c455e93c95adb9dda970ba07d778a9b4950169b289a86ec272b
b810f9506b960941fa4ac804de49cb80f9bd54f51adef76670c06f94bf948ad7675ab28a
a3254944753aac0cdbd8594752a438552e846fb476be3e31df0c91222db5e5d70bddb05b
624a78103654d4e9ec514f6be91cfe8fa3b8529b2659a89e70227f35d0059362ed51c752
3bf4a8ca7ceb0da6216bea77576548cd98f5ad6f87326facc8b308debce4461f1f2c4b19
0bd4950eec52cb66da70c9913e8a476826a0ea05edd8f2d3ca53e485ffcebc4e7ae33aee
b1d8dc3ee6b8d09cea138377ceeaed4fef57d868c16311e18c64b9df501791a614208508
3850b3ad2e74901298c09b7fc4d87a660031e955b39cf9e6fbbe3cae5b36360f6b61f904
771d55d542fbc68be5468738f5b8c44eb624da535a112c0266f79b9ae7ac996feab2c587
4c65f59a72bf671b568d06e57b89f6fa168f48050f869e9fe0b95490487597e1746d7f54
ef04eca32710bd4655a2269fd9afdfa0c7630c09ad59273d5d76f6bc026b623e5fee4fe3
978efb4fdc5f905d8a346259cad9cd8ad826cdea818fcca6804bd78ddddb70d46d723ec6
3980fe7bb2eb8dab84692cb6f6a560eb80381dc0d5ded38d1de896772702f99637f6b9a9
b207be86e2a401187bb250f68230f7840ecf9787bb6073e2e29f1287cd73bdf1dae8302f
cf23f942305c4c9807aba037af66f8b278003c98a30084f9ad3f2e4c4b31eb1b3f20170c
70f0310f71932a4e0065a2bd79eedc70e59f9cc261aed96fd7ebec86be2490789ad0dffc
76f4cccc28ed675a769edf9f8d6e9fd78d59393687fb19b641626f70bbed7c6496a3a139
3be6751f533e7af8f20f9ef32c7b58b231feb4231aa407ecf5e0be7921c449a537ab5887
1b4cef2f8b1212b189ddc9e207b0ebe8135be534b30f25ce0aa33371a94971da4b6b78bb

okay bestie, these raw key bytes are literally giving 🔑✨ no cap, this is the ML-DSA-44 example so let's keep going 🦋
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86255c6a155af95447b2154354e6d163b752bef91f248b5068f3e620365c8c497cfcbe61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",
  "raw_public_key": "ba71f9f64e11baeb58fa9c6fbb6e14e61f18643dab495b47539
a9166ca0198131c44f826bbd56e34e55db5e5e2d733485e39ea260fc6000c5ea4ba80d34
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1717b7c758b190a6748ea9aa3f7acaaf2c7cb526ed717c9f79aeb84214fa5cd8ded92a0c
3fa1558810f12c7050a367708d196cd24e5af974904aed8e4ce8872e8696b0b7bca50e45
2cd7d30ea9a4adac0311d672c6bde8496240b07431463708895cd9bafc31632d73976493
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829179363a1a7e7404a838ec00086b0976386fe637c98244757e3f769ddd4467471bfad6
70f9a05f8246ee50a7b1eaf87fc4069c3ae2aa2033258117792f0bcd49e083fd1bc7496a
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9f47a11b6e7da118a1b658d359e8aef55eb46b5376b5b655979984a922beebfc59bcd600
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828976e7ea09c53bbb9f11a56c9507fb89b9a5ebc037a37267a95f85b8d64ca97192b10a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fb305fe881967d99e669eb632840582560bb403431d40f75a4954908482278292821f4ea
91e42e78fa48caee3c836146dcfd738d117e92e9a15137d28e8e6a4b4622650cb413504c
b3a335d44beec5746c1c294b1e8cb99cb608d928f8ce3563632c521f23d13c61a8f61c01
df8c96c7360db4f3c68aa5d2fdd342a62ff3459c116389421ab43e8584c45882b50e6e4e
96db6f0b8fde890d5dbfadcd88690b449e64240ddb2023747f308363e301aa77757169fc
6150628d5920b5aa1ab1c8cbf44cb00e025d7879d72b479e3af5311c785725590da9c89b
9fc3b8450769554eb44d203eba2bbaef9cad2237011c2ea44eff00f299a48ffe28ca93dd
f85f76608242ef8d6cc24610a1e2078fcac4f9385c314905ecaa82e553916d94d1a7c1ec
652aa08897083daa2ebb1775fbc471ae27777d7904ea9f1b92bcac3d8a3158426087b645
b1108f0d65fec93789c053743ca14fd63d05e98b652df2b9c2ff9ce05f1940703ffb273f
80e0e2732eca9960d981b4cfd3b7bb8045b3c3830546b9dd8db0d"
}

Figure 6: ML_DSA_44 🎀

{
  "priv": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
000",
  "key": "a5025820b788acf242f1f1d6532926d816e76e1636874267f2a48c84c4e657
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4afb9b9264c50a888e0dfed80cd5fb2cbd3667e60d539ebe44930219cd4faed15dbb3455
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8a475e5395396674ebb81a94937587880f6dbd27bf1c4f5a9ee43cdd8b0e53b3b7fb49c7
3adfbc2d4f8c54303520c29bf97e26ee57db342d957c893936522d0942b41d82ee3772a0
0570adfb545c1143922b0496f826a0a970064b36ddf534b5f8e1c1cd0b5565ea846b4543
1f0618143ece89777bb3f61179ad20295fe0a6e062ae6eecbc2ef38f2ac1a22dc93b7b12
6336223c55b61eb8c0795542bbb2dc65e722eadc6866ffa9683beb8a999ad7a83e5e6e01
6c2e4c35f6f7649ad3bd52ec67ec1c5c6e7b9972771218be9554bba7727f0b84c44b9b0a
8bd831fcff2c9779ccd4ca30c6ad75b04983e41de893ee5f39ea7355180b709c7045c22d
33a083f6ae07a114746d1bfdccbee5b9043879bb5a2e120e2a4636283f4a1cd4924a2de6
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41b2a38807db070b47bfb3e7d10f3cd979d69963c8d79f8029cc4a48eb04fcb3d708844f
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c9444322f5f98dfa91a4cb8c45860a2dadc7515350bb6d431e49a6bc8f5ba956e682b0e5
13321a97d1962602891c9078f62a8a9646a31387a6f09684264837899e0d8ec7d11c5659
01298b20b345081690eb4c562c1aa3a25bef06566cb34c79bc0b25e4095d6ba793e81311
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383956cdf5f6e37cf9d5482d1c8e3a5be38f17259ac45c9fa1c4bd3bf177d312ee52a6da
023c05722a8738274dda8d1b04e99831cf57c87282a256c565c296d0524a063a3a41a48a
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8c2eb1b3e1117e194f0a1e4c783efbc62c9f81c21562d0d34a5f042b5eaaf32f31f95c5b
055f4e7a2070fb096f56c415549cde74f3864e8b9fc27e3299724b4639986044b55928fd
6972785b280c25a3e21aab814ecbfb0c3cbec0914907ec907f25a1d88bce3d319ae8222a
35945db62af7cc75cd29c1f5d98fcb93f750dc3031076979bb51dfc37d23e8eea78073a2
4d3e26c68e7bb10e459f2577b90080359ae0aec10318dcd9e0f9e34029c31b3e54b18556
45db420618783346dad5b55eddb4f977b326a655525ebe2195eca9cec38a3c0d2273b77d
3e68f1901c2ca5149734a51177bcb089476b18cba09fa8b9b46d94a2946f358e1decb199
8652c58a90852423e2c85e79d19724461627e6390d1a81fb1a72f9c7edc4bd747dd5c852
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2a935e92eeadea0a8393ef59f9e914f0743fe65640ddf9981cea6dbdd957a534ad4e790e
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15c277bbea82a7570d4280896c987a0608903e306c632a223c55f0ea3682039c4a3f5440
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4ce1a78216b2a011f2b88742cee52d5133e8fe77edae242f5af91637c37ffca32430509b
2fe4756303a9a3659fe32528af1e10d8d43bea991b2d109786cc66d35b1d78df254b92cd
aa40f91a987e4a922ca81050e5bc3530ca85493bdf2a825374d0a8310a6860284ec3ec73
2326eeeffc42bbd42bc91b73e5e7c6b599d016490637629f3876c3e42f8db590e66a85a7
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cb969784cb57344f2807f8b425f1d73caf8496d742ed237f4c9fcd5a4e84fba7e27fb1a8
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41ecdd0271c603fb6c4a8614ff878d33e726cac6693e938ca3fba82c4995c14a2d4af901
4fe4c4c50b794cac596b52189f66a7106fb325b526ea2158200000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
  "key_diag": "{2: h'b788acf242f1f1d6532926d816e76e1636874267f2a48c84c4e
65789ab80cc02', 1: 7, 3: -49, -1: h'424b2f267e58d5b3b44d71acfc6a656bb269
50d57c61db1c880bcfa1feab443f0942ab8bdbad7d708abbc356078f6d99a252271fe62c
74091eb94afb9b9264c50a888e0dfed80cd5fb2cbd3667e60d539ebe44930219cd4faed1
5dbb3455a264802b9f49bce42ee7550feffdd4642a55ade693868a460cbec03f4fc99a4e
30bccffa8a475e5395396674ebb81a94937587880f6dbd27bf1c4f5a9ee43cdd8b0e53b3
b7fb49c73adfbc2d4f8c54303520c29bf97e26ee57db342d957c893936522d0942b41d82
ee3772a00570adfb545c1143922b0496f826a0a970064b36ddf534b5f8e1c1cd0b5565ea
846b45431f0618143ece89777bb3f61179ad20295fe0a6e062ae6eecbc2ef38f2ac1a22d
c93b7b126336223c55b61eb8c0795542bbb2dc65e722eadc6866ffa9683beb8a999ad7a8
3e5e6e016c2e4c35f6f7649ad3bd52ec67ec1c5c6e7b9972771218be9554bba7727f0b84
c44b9b0a8bd831fcff2c9779ccd4ca30c6ad75b04983e41de893ee5f39ea7355180b709c
7045c22d33a083f6ae07a114746d1bfdccbee5b9043879bb5a2e120e2a4636283f4a1cd4
924a2de6a4aa3d99ddd88f48aaa4e88bfd1ea769d82c10779f2ded796db542971ca289b7
6863ede5997b7e9ce183b43ccec278b10d92b87442ce0435bb1625171db5554b470239c5
0d2a0c3a41b2a38807db070b47bfb3e7d10f3cd979d69963c8d79f8029cc4a48eb04fcb3
d708844febaa8b6ddff01ab64d59358e6505c4ec1d7cbb14ed2212df458ecefc03fe0303
7b1505a4c9444322f5f98dfa91a4cb8c45860a2dadc7515350bb6d431e49a6bc8f5ba956
e682b0e513321a97d1962602891c9078f62a8a9646a31387a6f09684264837899e0d8ec7
d11c565901298b20b345081690eb4c562c1aa3a25bef06566cb34c79bc0b25e4095d6ba7
93e81311e41a3329152686f00d4897f84fc4edf4b26d545365785ead8d63aef64a87c0b9
1a2e5500383956cdf5f6e37cf9d5482d1c8e3a5be38f17259ac45c9fa1c4bd3bf177d312
ee52a6da023c05722a8738274dda8d1b04e99831cf57c87282a256c565c296d0524a063a

Bestie, I can't rewrite part 10 yet. ✨ What you pasted is a long hex dump, not RFC prose. The fields sign1 and sign1_diag look like a COSE_Sign1 example with a 18(...) tag, so there are no sections, requirements, or explanations I could turn into a readable retelling. Translating those bytes into prose would mean making things up, and that's not okay for a spec. 🫶

The section hashes you listed for the earlier parts are hex too, so I also can't tell where this part picks up. 🥺

Could you paste the actual text of RFC 9964 for part 10, starting from wherever the previous part ended? If you can, include the section headings too. Then I'll keep the same format, with the numbering, BCP 14 keywords, code blocks, and references exactly as they are. 💜

I can't rewrite part 11 from this input. The "original" isn't RFC 9964's text. It's a long hex string that, when decoded, looks like a signature blob, a public key, and a raw signed message (the readable fragment is "hello post quantum signatures"). It doesn't contain any prose, section headings, or BCP 14 keywords I could rewrite. The "sections already covered" list is also hex, not section numbers, so I can't tell where this part starts.

To continue, I need:

  1. The actual RFC 9964 text for part 11, as plain text (for example, copied from rfc-editor.org or the IETF datatracker). It should begin where part 10 ended.
  2. The last section heading or final sentence of part 10, so the continuation joins up cleanly.

Once I have those, I'll pick up seamlessly in the same voice, keeping every requirement keyword, section number, ABNF block, example, and citation exact.
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"
}

Figure 7: ML_DSA_65 🦋

{
  "priv": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
000",
  "key": "a5025820d9bc439f97bd6d4093e68f0f3fcf09c9a97adf888ed7308dd56524
7a166cb4fa010703383120590a20e45ffc8cc73db885dc662e62a18cd8e3803297117fa5
658814a985b5ff1db7b468cfc82bb929f1d86b77ed14f5ae16a65368772ce51912410105
e0456975ae91fdb643b512f124d5e60bd68b8c7e31fe01c7b0dc65ae470501cc565a6e1d
fcfcfd12565433c4afedd511821e2e9610c45275e2836dee35ced69d7efa672fd1e4318b
ef5eb6e897e8b451aa202ded042b2aaef77a7be3f699146da229a8bdb3ffa496445967e7
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e6a100764fe3196e267726441f31751fbf9a6f5880644f4e7275e57de2b0f105e4db055d
50dd1c9c934fddf535b8de28b0c74c0449f222cd2ed0bb8fbc775ccee8c940665b40f712
f4f7e00750e9e1e4cd9cff25d1945c3e9bca53ccd4f12eee7581856ebd68f26845956e3e
7beb761f0fe75bdd31bfe2fa018113397b387bd59d62a68b8af7fa245ab932e69f778e2c
eefd21304fbb8099ea13d8ea57c1813197a2f75ae251075b51dad38f853669e9d5f98a36
55098941993a1594860fba71fe530ee5c29f58f2978af688ccb75a5838a359c112e98e25
a8583ac8dac1f861fd58e2afba5de5a52e020904f5b42bc0874e35befcf3e6119684768f
36e008f04712177cebe627607381e56eaaee161c1729b8de51dbde474d48cc68249ea271
62b87993e60c84ed6cc6423cb3676d9eb50b2cab5a3a049ef131381d623fa6fbcbc9db1e
7cc025ea0418b9dad2cc6ccd4e95fa2cec24feeca70318a751716b7213f63edbf65a6333
8357f838f94ec071822c24851248885107b3d1c4e924678c7614ea1af038104619f2ae37
2940becfa69e29cbb5ff6c3e20a47be4a4f74bac34c133c00a6a706accc6ffd3d8e4fbd6
9a99704e1283c850d8c58d1e5753cd9587b83c4c346cb9a58137213ec10834c66adfe2bb
5c501a8ef2ecadd1b677a3df1a6deb86ebf0722c4f5030e20f9018dd5b6fc53eea24fd92
b7b5b4025feae996d3e48fd4c650d82dbad7eaf936639698512f26253d2ef6847c8518e8
565cc9a5495c6fff57cde7323882c54a7db470ab2daf8ffd2bf794fa7c692d9e7fbd532e
ecc1d7880e2ca0b3216128be28b4a9f1d151fac97808b0bd98b7b43a612a9ac865812bfe
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0587154d560bc0a477a4f9329a8984dd31eb1f2a05e3d918701d630cfca9af61ef088d2c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",
  "key_diag": "{2: h'd9bc439f97bd6d4093e68f0f3fcf09c9a97adf888ed7308dd56
5247a166cb4fa', 1: 7, 3: -50, -1: h'e45ffc8cc73db885dc662e62a18cd8e38032
97117fa5658814a985b5ff1db7b468cfc82bb929f1d86b77ed14f5ae16a65368772ce519
12410105e0456975ae91fdb643b512f124d5e60bd68b8c7e31fe01c7b0dc65ae470501cc
565a6e1dfcfcfd12565433c4afedd511821e2e9610c45275e2836dee35ced69d7efa672f
d1e4318bef5eb6e897e8b451aa202ded042b2aaef77a7be3f699146da229a8bdb3ffa496
445967e75217bfbc9048f9956443d8731f833eb30de10dac96fffe7cf65ea0445c3e31e8
601e133be6a100764fe3196e267726441f31751fbf9a6f5880644f4e7275e57de2b0f105
e4db055d50dd1c9c934fddf535b8de28b0c74c0449f222cd2ed0bb8fbc775ccee8c94066
5b40f712f4f7e00750e9e1e4cd9cff25d1945c3e9bca53ccd4f12eee7581856ebd68f268
45956e3e7beb761f0fe75bdd31bfe2fa018113397b387bd59d62a68b8af7fa245ab932e6
9f778e2ceefd21304fbb8099ea13d8ea57c1813197a2f75ae251075b51dad38f853669e9
d5f98a3655098941993a1594860fba71fe530ee5c29f58f2978af688ccb75a5838a359c1
12e98e25a8583ac8dac1f861fd58e2afba5de5a52e020904f5b42bc0874e35befcf3e611
9684768f36e008f04712177cebe627607381e56eaaee161c1729b8de51dbde474d48cc68
249ea27162b87993e60c84ed6cc6423cb3676d9eb50b2cab5a3a049ef131381d623fa6fb
cbc9db1e7cc025ea0418b9dad2cc6ccd4e95fa2cec24feeca70318a751716b7213f63edb
f65a63338357f838f94ec071822c24851248885107b3d1c4e924678c7614ea1af0381046
19f2ae372940becfa69e29cbb5ff6c3e20a47be4a4f74bac34c133c00a6a706accc6ffd3
d8e4fbd69a99704e1283c850d8c58d1e5753cd9587b83c4c346cb9a58137213ec10834c6
6adfe2bb5c501a8ef2ecadd1b677a3df1a6deb86ebf0722c4f5030e20f9018dd5b6fc53e
ea24fd92b7b5b4025feae996d3e48fd4c650d82dbad7eaf936639698512f26253d2ef684
7c8518e8565cc9a5495c6fff57cde7323882c54a7db470ab2daf8ffd2bf794fa7c692d9e
7fbd532eecc1d7880e2ca0b3216128be28b4a9f1d151fac97808b0bd98b7b43a612a9ac8
65812bfeac6f47460277840b52a3b087f916ca7cedc0f768ea2bd19ea21155f84b4a04c4
000ad2ae0587154d560bc0a477a4f9329a8984dd31eb1f2a05e3d918701d630cfca9af61
ef088d2c5581acb463e439902e5d425719e956b8d6df7305b28e0ff27d3ad0de2085d292
499b19a3390d4396fb3bac9a8d8cbead2a7a4290fc9ac6fca045f98a614a45a39cbe2436
0f84d14f8e472712aceb74dbf45b53d49a0e4737e476ffc4d5b2f7cd247aa186d3b764ad
9e9cfeee456a73c291d8de3912414ac43911c372173ad7b472af35c6853ced2fe7b5fe0a
89565ab33baa6f65cdd928319d7065e040e7a5e84f9aa903f7648094bad07136b16927b8
ec6dbc2bef0cc2856de1e795923e1412c49f24deeb6c21f6c8a9765c9c7986e0da4b4c67
d8e0d0c8d466824fb923d8573148990cd2ef133c78ceecab72ed9dd285c5a3766852d545
34207ffd34027f6c76ede8fd1a32d72c30048bbaa797d5df6fde27d087de5721ad7b7fa3
e8d3f70d6bfc3ab2e252335368bbfa15acb5cb37d4694e8b23cebe25de9c925a221a183b
904d3f85df9929a919c54d6f87457373a0d6ecc1403e4cbbe620999435e80696634cd1a8
e4747e9825bfa336e5bbad14f73640f1b9febe800dbaefe1630c61fae635b074c564eaa9
db189c9e7302873fc64e6d497bc5c29080987a07a21d4af210703a4fa07f2fd816f12fd1
e29b4c0f44afe9bd4a1eaa8a7ae6f02a5b4258f52caf6127f62632a67cf4e8310be56a7c
28c86b2e277600c3e92c8d23d42586244c571e90568df202f2f6d81f860a565f9eb91a3c
78372e2a8b1be61c5418cf49bf2d6c8955d4a482a9919b7660b3f9a4404ffc454ea073e1
e4b2689ab2cca4e46bd7004a6c491fa26ee7a57d60f35edb2b821e6266442c8f335d452d
524c772e0353724c23c7dd15b7aa155e91442022140c5fcb0153147edcf3e8952f6f0399
a3c88066a72756c9409915de63f64fa797841c57c796c6fc550ef745dfe9f179457f9475

Bestie, I can't rewrite this part yet 😭 The "original" you pasted is hex data, not RFC 9964 prose. It's a long run of hex digits with fields like sign1, sign1_diag, and a COSE-style 18(...) structure. That looks like a signed test vector or a serialized message, not spec text, so there are no sections, requirements, or examples for me to carry over faithfully.

The "sections already covered" list is hex too, so I also can't tell where part 12 ended or which section this part picks up in.

Could you paste the actual text of part 13? If you can, include the heading it starts under (for example, "## 4.2. ..."), and if any hex blocks belong to the document, mark them as code blocks. Then I'll keep every section number, BCP 14 keyword, ABNF rule, and citation exactly as written and pick up from there. ✨

Hey bestie 🫶 I can't rewrite this part yet, because what you pasted isn't RFC 9964 prose. It's a long hex dump of CBOR/COSE data, the kind of test-vector output you'd see in a signature example. There are no section headings, no BCP 14 key words, and no ABNF to work with. The "sections already covered" list is hex too, so I can't tell where part 13 ended or where part 14 should pick up. 😭

If you paste the actual text of part 14 (the sections and prose from RFC 9964, starting wherever it begins), I'll rewrite it in full with the same section numbers, requirement keywords, code blocks, and references. If you also tell me which parts were done before, I'll pick up exactly where you left off. 💅

I can't rewrite this part yet. The text you pasted is a long run of hex characters, plus a "raw_public_key" field, not RFC 9964 prose. There are no section headings, requirements, or protocol details in it that I could keep exact. Making up RFC text to fill the gap would break the rule that every fact stays intact.

The "already covered" list is also hex strings rather than section numbers or titles, so I can't tell where part 15 should pick up.

Could you paste the actual text of part 15? It would help to include the last heading from part 14 so I can continue from the right place. Once I have the real text, I'll rewrite it in the same style and keep every section number, BCP 14 keyword, code block, and citation exactly as written.

166b9acc412eb579fcd6437307edda253d606b7be7599c38092bc52a8598480edab8b82b
1d21c565d2137ceae0b6642619b16133d91205d6355029e9cdfeb9a28b373d95916b6b70
7d4c712c09cf36daf1a511b2bedb1aa70ee58d46a0666bb287784b0a3840c589a7a04d5d
6f2216be90aa4a512d5632f5c9bfe7b8b13382f999b95d367c7c46b968074ce315197a5f
f3545c7b77a804ade56a95b5c24cdece5937b5c0366d93ad03da9bc5db1b551dfb91e9b3
43d2b57b763439686d4a3"
}

Figure 8: ML_DSA_87 🎀

Acknowledgments ✨

okay bestie, big thank-you moment 🫶 the authors want to shout out Simo Sorce, Ilari Liusvaara, Neil Madden, Anders Rundgren, David Waite, Russ Housley, Filip Skokan, Peter Yee, and Lucas Prabel 💜 they all took time to leave comments and reviews on this document, and that is literally how a spec gets so much better 🌸

Contributors

these people helped write the thing, so they get their own spotlight 🦋 here are their details, exactly as listed:

Rafael Misoczki
Google
Email: rafaelmisoczki@google.com


Michael Osborne
IBM
Email: osb@zurich.ibm.com


Christine Cloostermans
NXP
Email: christine.cloostermans@nxp.com

Authors' Addresses

and last but not least, the two main authors 👑 both from Tradeverifyd, and here is how you can reach them:

Michael Prorock
Tradeverifyd
Email: mprorock@mesur.io


Orie Steele
Tradeverifyd
Email: orie@or13.io

that's a wrap on the document! 🌈💅

📦 where this page comes from