RFC 7277
A YANG Data Model for IP Management
🎀 RFC 7277: A YANG Data Model for IP Management
okay bestie, the title block is giving everything we need 💅 This is RFC 7277 from the IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force). It was written by M. Bjorklund of Tail-f Systems, it's a Standards Track doc, and it's dated June 2014 📅 The ISSN is 2070-1721. The title block doesn't list anything it obsoletes or updates, so no drama there 🦋
Abstract
this doc defines a YANG data model for managing IP implementations 🌸 The model has both configuration data and state data, so you get the settings AND what's actually happening rn 🔥
Status of This Memo
ok so this is an Internet Standards Track document 💜 It's a product of the IETF, it represents the consensus of the IETF community, it got public review, and the Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG) approved it for publication. If you want more on Internet Standards, check Section 2 of RFC 5741. Info about the current status, any errata, and how to send feedback lives at http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7277 ✨
Copyright Notice
© 2014 IETF Trust and the people listed as the document authors, all rights reserved 🌈 This doc is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) as they stand on the publication date. Please read those carefully, bestie, because they explain your rights and restrictions 🫶 Any Code Components pulled out of this doc have to include Simplified BSD License text, as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions. They also come with no warranty, as described in the Simplified BSD License.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction ....................................................2
1.1. Terminology ................................................2
1.2. Tree Diagrams ..............................................3
2. IP Data Model ...................................................3
3. Relationship to the IP-MIB ......................................6
4. IP Management YANG Module .......................................8
5. IANA Considerations ............................................24
6. Security Considerations ........................................24
7. Acknowledgments ................................................25
8. References .....................................................25
8.1. Normative References ......................................25
8.2. Informative References ....................................26
Appendix A. Example: NETCONF <get> Reply ..........................281. Introduction ✨
okay so this doc defines a YANG [RFC6020] data model for managing IP implementations 🦋
the model covers configuring per-interface IPv4 and IPv6 params, plus mappings of IP addresses to link-layer addresses 💖 It also tells you which IP addresses are operationally in use and which link-layer mappings exist. The per-interface params get added through augmentation of the interface data model from [RFC7223] 🧚
1.1. Terminology
the following terms are defined in [RFC6241] and aren't redefined here:
- client
- configuration data
- server
- state data
the following terms are defined in [RFC6020] and aren't redefined here:
- augment
- data model
- data node
the terminology for describing YANG data models is found in [RFC6020] 📖
1.2. Tree Diagrams
this doc uses a simplified graphical rep of the data model 🌈 Here's what the symbols mean:
- Brackets
[and]enclose list keys. - Abbreviations before data node names:
rwmeans configuration data (read-write), andromeans state data (read-only). - Symbols after data node names:
?means an optional node,!means a presence container, and*denotes a list and leaf-list. - Parentheses enclose choice and case nodes, and case nodes are also marked with a colon (
:). - Ellipsis (
...) stands for contents of subtrees that aren't shown.
2. IP Data Model 🎀
this doc defines the YANG module ietf-ip, which augments the interface and interface-state lists from the ietf-interfaces module [RFC7223] with IP-specific data nodes. It also adds IP-specific state data 💅
here's the structure for IP configuration per interface 🔥
+--rw if:interfaces
+--rw if:interface* [name]
...
+--rw ipv4!
| +--rw enabled? boolean
| +--rw forwarding? boolean
| +--rw mtu? uint16
| +--rw address* [ip]
| | +--rw ip inet:ipv4-address-no-zone
| | +--rw (subnet)
| | +--:(prefix-length)
| | | +--rw ip:prefix-length? uint8
| | +--:(netmask)
| | +--rw ip:netmask? yang:dotted-quad
| +--rw neighbor* [ip]
| +--rw ip inet:ipv4-address-no-zone
| +--rw link-layer-address yang:phys-address
+--rw ipv6!
+--rw enabled? boolean
+--rw forwarding? boolean
+--rw mtu? uint32
+--rw address* [ip]
| +--rw ip inet:ipv6-address-no-zone
| +--rw prefix-length uint8
+--rw neighbor* [ip]
| +--rw ip inet:ipv6-address-no-zone
| +--rw link-layer-address yang:phys-address
+--rw dup-addr-detect-transmits? uint32
+--rw autoconf
+--rw create-global-addresses? boolean
+--rw create-temporary-addresses? boolean
+--rw temporary-valid-lifetime? uint32
+--rw temporary-preferred-lifetime? uint32okay so there are two config containers per interface, ipv4 and ipv6 🎀 representing the IPv4 and IPv6 address families. Each one has an enabled leaf (is this address family on for the interface?) and a forwarding leaf (is IP packet forwarding on for that family on the interface?) 🧚 Each container also has a list of configured addresses and a list of configured mappings from IP addresses to link-layer addresses. Main character energy 👑
and here's the structure for IP state per interface 🦋
+--ro if:interfaces-state
+--ro if:interface* [name]
...
+--ro ipv4!
| +--ro forwarding? boolean
| +--ro mtu? uint16
| +--ro address* [ip]
| | +--ro ip inet:ipv4-address-no-zone
| | +--ro (subnet)?
| | | +--:(prefix-length)
| | | | +--ro prefix-length? uint8
| | | +--:(netmask)
| | | +--ro netmask? yang:dotted-quad
| | +--ro origin? ip-address-origin
| +--ro neighbor* [ip]
| +--ro ip inet:ipv4-address-no-zone
| +--ro link-layer-address? yang:phys-address
| +--ro origin? neighbor-origin
+--ro ipv6!
+--ro forwarding? boolean
+--ro mtu? uint32
+--ro address* [ip]
| +--ro ip inet:ipv6-address-no-zone
| +--ro prefix-length uint8
| +--ro origin? ip-address-origin
| +--ro status? enumeration
+--ro neighbor* [ip]
+--ro ip inet:ipv6-address-no-zone
+--ro link-layer-address? yang:phys-address
+--ro origin? neighbor-origin
+--ro is-router? empty
+--ro state? enumerationthe state side has two containers per interface too, ipv4 and ipv6 💜 Each one has a forwarding leaf that tells you whether IP packet forwarding is enabled on that interface. Each container also holds a list of all addresses in use and a list of known mappings from IP addresses to link-layer addresses. It's giving full transparency, no cap 🌸
If the device implements the IP-MIB [RFC4293], each entry in the "ipv4/address" and "ipv6/address" lists gets mapped to one ipAddressEntry, where the ipAddressIfIndex points at the "address" entry's interface. 🦋
The IP-MIB also defines objects to control IPv6 Router Advertisement messages. The matching YANG data nodes live in [ROUTING-MGMT]. 🌸
Entries in "ipv4/neighbor" and "ipv6/neighbor" get mapped to ipNetToPhysicalTable. 💖
Here are the two tables that match YANG data nodes to their IP-MIB objects. The first one covers the configuration data nodes:
+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+
| YANG data node in | IP-MIB object |
| /if:interfaces/if:interface | |
+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+
| ipv4/enabled | ipv4InterfaceEnableStatus |
| ipv4/address | ipAddressEntry |
| ipv4/address/ip | ipAddressAddrType |
| | ipAddressAddr |
| ipv4/neighbor | ipNetToPhysicalEntry |
| ipv4/neighbor/ip | ipNetToPhysicalNetAddressType |
| | ipNetToPhysicalNetAddress |
| ipv4/neighbor/link-layer-address | ipNetToPhysicalPhysAddress |
| | |
| ipv6/enabled | ipv6InterfaceEnableStatus |
| ipv6/forwarding | ipv6InterfaceForwarding |
| ipv6/address | ipAddressEntry |
| ipv6/address/ip | ipAddressAddrType |
| | ipAddressAddr |
| ipv6/neighbor | ipNetToPhysicalEntry |
| ipv6/neighbor/link-layer-address | ipNetToPhysicalPhysAddress |
| ipv6/neighbor/origin | ipNetToPhysicalType |
+----------------------------------+--------------------------------+
YANG Interface Configuration Data Nodes and Related IP-MIB ObjectsAnd the second one covers the state data nodes, which is where the extra origin, status, and state leaves show up:
+-----------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| YANG data node in | IP-MIB object |
| /if:interfaces-state/if:interface | |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| ipv4 | ipv4InterfaceEnableStatus |
| ipv4/address | ipAddressEntry |
| ipv4/address/ip | ipAddressAddrType |
| | ipAddressAddr |
| ipv4/address/origin | ipAddressOrigin |
| ipv4/neighbor | ipNetToPhysicalEntry |
| ipv4/neighbor/ip | ipNetToPhysicalNetAddressType |
| | ipNetToPhysicalNetAddress |
| ipv4/neighbor/link-layer-address | ipNetToPhysicalPhysAddress |
| ipv4/neighbor/origin | ipNetToPhysicalType |
| | |
| ipv6 | ipv6InterfaceEnableStatus |
| ipv6/forwarding | ipv6InterfaceForwarding |
| ipv6/address | ipAddressEntry |
| ipv6/address/ip | ipAddressAddrType |
| | ipAddressAddr |
| ipv6/address/origin | ipAddressOrigin |
| ipv6/address/status | ipAddressStatus |
| ipv6/neighbor | ipNetToPhysicalEntry |
| ipv6/neighbor/ip | ipNetToPhysicalNetAddressType |
| | ipNetToPhysicalNetAddress |
| ipv6/neighbor/link-layer-address | ipNetToPhysicalPhysAddress |
| ipv6/neighbor/origin | ipNetToPhysicalType |
| ipv6/neighbor/state | ipNetToPhysicalState |
+-----------------------------------+-------------------------------+
YANG Interface State Data Nodes and Related IP-MIB Objects4. IP Management YANG Module 💅
This module imports typedefs from [RFC6991] and [RFC7223], and it references [RFC0791], [RFC0826], [RFC2460], [RFC4861], [RFC4862], [RFC4941], and [RFC7217]. ✨
Here's the whole module, copied exactly as it is:
<CODE BEGINS> file "ietf-ip@2014-06-16.yang"
module ietf-ip {
namespace "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-ip";
prefix ip;
import ietf-interfaces {
prefix if;
}
import ietf-inet-types {
prefix inet;
}
import ietf-yang-types {
prefix yang;
}
organization
"IETF NETMOD (NETCONF Data Modeling Language) Working Group";
contact
"WG Web: <http://tools.ietf.org/wg/netmod/>
WG List: <mailto:netmod@ietf.org>
WG Chair: Thomas Nadeau
<mailto:tnadeau@lucidvision.com>
WG Chair: Juergen Schoenwaelder
<mailto:j.schoenwaelder@jacobs-university.de>
Editor: Martin Bjorklund
<mailto:mbj@tail-f.com>";
description
"This module contains a collection of YANG definitions for
configuring IP implementations.
Copyright (c) 2014 IETF Trust and the persons identified as
authors of the code. All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or
without modification, is permitted pursuant to, and subject
to the license terms contained in, the Simplified BSD License
set forth in Section 4.c of the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions
Relating to IETF Documents
(http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info).
This version of this YANG module is part of RFC 7277; see
the RFC itself for full legal notices.";
revision 2014-06-16 {
description
"Initial revision.";
reference
"RFC 7277: A YANG Data Model for IP Management";
}
/*
* Features
*/
feature ipv4-non-contiguous-netmasks {
description
"Indicates support for configuring non-contiguous
subnet masks.";
}
feature ipv6-privacy-autoconf {
description
"Indicates support for Privacy Extensions for Stateless Address
Autoconfiguration in IPv6.";
reference
"RFC 4941: Privacy Extensions for Stateless Address
Autoconfiguration in IPv6";
}
/*
* Typedefs
*/
typedef ip-address-origin {
type enumeration {
enum other {
description
"None of the following.";
}
enum static {
description
"Indicates that the address has been statically
configured - for example, using NETCONF or a Command Line
Interface.";
}
enum dhcp {
description
"Indicates an address that has been assigned to this
system by a DHCP server.";
}
enum link-layer {
description
"Indicates an address created by IPv6 stateless
autoconfiguration that embeds a link-layer address in its
interface identifier.";
}
enum random {
description
"Indicates an address chosen by the system at
random, e.g., an IPv4 address within 169.254/16, an
RFC 4941 temporary address, or an RFC 7217 semantically
opaque address.";
reference
"RFC 4941: Privacy Extensions for Stateless Address
Autoconfiguration in IPv6
RFC 7217: A Method for Generating Semantically Opaque
Interface Identifiers with IPv6 Stateless
Address Autoconfiguration (SLAAC)";
}
}
description
"The origin of an address.";
}
typedef neighbor-origin {
type enumeration {
enum other {
description
"None of the following.";
}
enum static {
description
"Indicates that the mapping has been statically
configured - for example, using NETCONF or a Command Line
Interface.";
}
enum dynamic {
description
"Indicates that the mapping has been dynamically resolved
using, e.g., IPv4 ARP or the IPv6 Neighbor Discovery
protocol.";
}
}
description
"The origin of a neighbor entry.";
}
/*
* Configuration data nodes
*/
augment "/if:interfaces/if:interface" {
description
"Parameters for configuring IP on interfaces.
If an interface is not capable of running IP, the server
must not allow the client to configure these parameters.";
container ipv4 {
presence
"Enables IPv4 unless the 'enabled' leaf
(which defaults to 'true') is set to 'false'";
description
"Parameters for the IPv4 address family.";
leaf enabled {
type boolean;
default true;
description
"Controls whether IPv4 is enabled or disabled on this
interface. When IPv4 is enabled, this interface is
connected to an IPv4 stack, and the interface can send
and receive IPv4 packets.";
}
leaf forwarding {
type boolean;
default false;
description
"Controls IPv4 packet forwarding of datagrams received by,
but not addressed to, this interface. IPv4 routers
forward datagrams. IPv4 hosts do not (except those
source-routed via the host).";
}
leaf mtu {
type uint16 {
range "68..max";
}
units octets;
description
"The size, in octets, of the largest IPv4 packet that the
interface will send and receive.
The server may restrict the allowed values for this leaf,
depending on the interface's type.
If this leaf is not configured, the operationally used MTU
depends on the interface's type.";
reference
"RFC 791: Internet Protocol";
}
list address {
key "ip";
description
"The list of configured IPv4 addresses on the interface.";
leaf ip {
type inet:ipv4-address-no-zone;
description
"The IPv4 address on the interface.";
}
choice subnet {
mandatory true;
description
"The subnet can be specified as a prefix-length, or,
if the server supports non-contiguous netmasks, as
a netmask.";
leaf prefix-length {
type uint8 {
range "0..32";
}
description
"The length of the subnet prefix.";
}
leaf netmask {
if-feature ipv4-non-contiguous-netmasks;
type yang:dotted-quad;
description
"The subnet specified as a netmask.";
}
}
}
list neighbor {
key "ip";
description
"A list of mappings from IPv4 addresses to
link-layer addresses.
Entries in this list are used as static entries in the
ARP Cache.";
reference
"RFC 826: An Ethernet Address Resolution Protocol";okay the IPv6 stuff is about to get very detailed 🧚💅
leaf ip {
type inet:ipv4-address-no-zone;
description
"The IPv4 address of the neighbor node.";
}
leaf link-layer-address {
type yang:phys-address;
mandatory true;
description
"The link-layer address of the neighbor node.";
}
}
}
container ipv6 {
presence
"Enables IPv6 unless the 'enabled' leaf
(which defaults to 'true') is set to 'false'";
description
"Parameters for the IPv6 address family.";
leaf enabled {
type boolean;
default true;
description
"Controls whether IPv6 is enabled or disabled on this
interface. When IPv6 is enabled, this interface is
connected to an IPv6 stack, and the interface can send
and receive IPv6 packets.";
}
leaf forwarding {
type boolean;
default false;
description
"Controls IPv6 packet forwarding of datagrams received by,
but not addressed to, this interface. IPv6 routers
forward datagrams. IPv6 hosts do not (except those
source-routed via the host).";
reference
"RFC 4861: Neighbor Discovery for IP version 6 (IPv6)
Section 6.2.1, IsRouter";
}
leaf mtu {
type uint32 {
range "1280..max";
}
units octets;
description
"The size, in octets, of the largest IPv6 packet that the
interface will send and receive.
The server may restrict the allowed values for this leaf,
depending on the interface's type.
If this leaf is not configured, the operationally used MTU
depends on the interface's type.";
reference
"RFC 2460: Internet Protocol, Version 6 (IPv6) Specification
Section 5";
}
list address {
key "ip";
description
"The list of configured IPv6 addresses on the interface.";
leaf ip {
type inet:ipv6-address-no-zone;
description
"The IPv6 address on the interface.";
}
leaf prefix-length {
type uint8 {
range "0..128";
}
mandatory true;
description
"The length of the subnet prefix.";
}
}
list neighbor {
key "ip";
description
"A list of mappings from IPv6 addresses to
link-layer addresses.
Entries in this list are used as static entries in the
Neighbor Cache.";
reference
"RFC 4861: Neighbor Discovery for IP version 6 (IPv6)";
leaf ip {
type inet:ipv6-address-no-zone;
description
"The IPv6 address of the neighbor node.";
}
leaf link-layer-address {
type yang:phys-address;
mandatory true;
description
"The link-layer address of the neighbor node.";
}
}
leaf dup-addr-detect-transmits {
type uint32;
default 1;
description
"The number of consecutive Neighbor Solicitation messages
sent while performing Duplicate Address Detection on a
tentative address. A value of zero indicates that
Duplicate Address Detection is not performed on
tentative addresses. A value of one indicates a single
transmission with no follow-up retransmissions.";
reference
"RFC 4862: IPv6 Stateless Address Autoconfiguration";
}
container autoconf {
description
"Parameters to control the autoconfiguration of IPv6
addresses, as described in RFC 4862.";
reference
"RFC 4862: IPv6 Stateless Address Autoconfiguration";
leaf create-global-addresses {
type boolean;
default true;
description
"If enabled, the host creates global addresses as
described in RFC 4862.";
reference
"RFC 4862: IPv6 Stateless Address Autoconfiguration
Section 5.5";
}
leaf create-temporary-addresses {
if-feature ipv6-privacy-autoconf;
type boolean;
default false;
description
"If enabled, the host creates temporary addresses as
described in RFC 4941.";
reference
"RFC 4941: Privacy Extensions for Stateless Address
Autoconfiguration in IPv6";
}
leaf temporary-valid-lifetime {
if-feature ipv6-privacy-autoconf;
type uint32;
units "seconds";
default 604800;
description
"The time period during which the temporary address
is valid.";
reference
"RFC 4941: Privacy Extensions for Stateless Address
Autoconfiguration in IPv6
- TEMP_VALID_LIFETIME";
}
leaf temporary-preferred-lifetime {
if-feature ipv6-privacy-autoconf;
type uint32;
units "seconds";
default 86400;
description
"The time period during which the temporary address is
preferred.";
reference
"RFC 4941: Privacy Extensions for Stateless Address
Autoconfiguration in IPv6
- TEMP_PREFERRED_LIFETIME";
}
}
}
}
/*
* Operational state data nodes
*/
augment "/if:interfaces-state/if:interface" {
description
"Data nodes for the operational state of IP on interfaces.";
container ipv4 {
presence "Present if IPv4 is enabled on this interface";
config false;
description
"Interface-specific parameters for the IPv4 address family.";
leaf forwarding {
type boolean;
description
"Indicates whether IPv4 packet forwarding is enabled or
disabled on this interface.";
}
leaf mtu {
type uint16 {
range "68..max";
}
units octets;
description
"The size, in octets, of the largest IPv4 packet that the
interface will send and receive.";
reference
"RFC 791: Internet Protocol";
}
list address {
key "ip";
description
"The list of IPv4 addresses on the interface.";
leaf ip {
type inet:ipv4-address-no-zone;
description
"The IPv4 address on the interface.";
}
choice subnet {
description
"The subnet can be specified as a prefix-length, or,
if the server supports non-contiguous netmasks, as
a netmask.";
leaf prefix-length {
type uint8 {
range "0..32";
}
description
"The length of the subnet prefix.";
}
leaf netmask {
if-feature ipv4-non-contiguous-netmasks;
type yang:dotted-quad;
description
"The subnet specified as a netmask.";
}
}
leaf origin {
type ip-address-origin;
description
"The origin of this address.";
}
}
list neighbor {
key "ip";
description
"A list of mappings from IPv4 addresses to
link-layer addresses.
This list represents the ARP Cache.";
reference
"RFC 826: An Ethernet Address Resolution Protocol";
leaf ip {
type inet:ipv4-address-no-zone;
description
"The IPv4 address of the neighbor node.";
}
leaf link-layer-address {
type yang:phys-address;
description
"The link-layer address of the neighbor node.";
}
leaf origin {
type neighbor-origin;
description
"The origin of this neighbor entry.";
}
}
}
container ipv6 {
presence "Present if IPv6 is enabled on this interface";
config false;
description
"Parameters for the IPv6 address family.";
leaf forwarding {
type boolean;
default false;
description
"Indicates whether IPv6 packet forwarding is enabled or
disabled on this interface.";
reference
"RFC 4861: Neighbor Discovery for IP version 6 (IPv6)
Section 6.2.1, IsRouter";
}
leaf mtu {
type uint32 {
range "1280..max";
}
units octets;
description
"The size, in octets, of the largest IPv6 packet that the
interface will send and receive.";
reference
"RFC 2460: Internet Protocol, Version 6 (IPv6) Specification
Section 5";
}
list address {
key "ip";
description
"The list of IPv6 addresses on the interface."; leaf ip {
type inet:ipv6-address-no-zone;
description
"The IPv6 address on the interface.";
}
leaf prefix-length {
type uint8 {
range "0..128";
}
mandatory true;
description
"The length of the subnet prefix.";
}
leaf origin {
type ip-address-origin;
description
"The origin of this address.";
}
leaf status {
type enumeration {
enum preferred {
description
"This is a valid address that can appear as the
destination or source address of a packet.";
}
enum deprecated {
description
"This is a valid but deprecated address that should
no longer be used as a source address in new
communications, but packets addressed to such an
address are processed as expected.";
}
enum invalid {
description
"This isn't a valid address, and it shouldn't appear
as the destination or source address of a packet.";
}
enum inaccessible {
description
"The address is not accessible because the interface
to which this address is assigned is not
operational.";
}
enum unknown {
description
"The status cannot be determined for some reason.";
}
enum tentative {
description
"The uniqueness of the address on the link is being
verified. Addresses in this state should not be
used for general communication and should only be
used to determine the uniqueness of the address.";
}
enum duplicate {
description
"The address has been determined to be non-unique on
the link and so must not be used.";
}
enum optimistic {
description
"The address is available for use, subject to
restrictions, while its uniqueness on a link is
being verified.";
}
}
description
"The status of an address. Most of the states correspond
to states from the IPv6 Stateless Address
Autoconfiguration protocol.";
reference
"RFC 4293: Management Information Base for the
Internet Protocol (IP)
- IpAddressStatusTC
RFC 4862: IPv6 Stateless Address Autoconfiguration";
}
}
list neighbor {
key "ip";
description
"A list of mappings from IPv6 addresses to
link-layer addresses.
This list represents the Neighbor Cache.";
reference
"RFC 4861: Neighbor Discovery for IP version 6 (IPv6)";
leaf ip {
type inet:ipv6-address-no-zone;
description
"The IPv6 address of the neighbor node.";
}
leaf link-layer-address {
type yang:phys-address;
description
"The link-layer address of the neighbor node.";
}
leaf origin {
type neighbor-origin;
description
"The origin of this neighbor entry.";
}
leaf is-router {
type empty;
description
"Indicates that the neighbor node acts as a router.";
}
leaf state {
type enumeration {
enum incomplete {
description
"Address resolution is in progress, and the link-layer
address of the neighbor has not yet been
determined.";
}
enum reachable {
description
"Roughly speaking, the neighbor is known to have been
reachable recently (within tens of seconds ago).";
}
enum stale {
description
"The neighbor is no longer known to be reachable, but
until traffic is sent to the neighbor no attempt
should be made to verify its reachability.";
}
enum delay {
description
"The neighbor is no longer known to be reachable, and
traffic has recently been sent to the neighbor.
Rather than probe the neighbor immediately, however,
delay sending probes for a short while in order to
give upper-layer protocols a chance to provide
reachability confirmation.";
}
enum probe {
description
"The neighbor is no longer known to be reachable, and
unicast Neighbor Solicitation probes are being sent
to verify reachability.";
}
}
description
"The Neighbor Unreachability Detection state of this
entry.";
reference
"RFC 4861: Neighbor Discovery for IP version 6 (IPv6)
Section 7.3.2";
}
}
}
}
}
<CODE ENDS>5. IANA Considerations ✨
okay so this section is where we tell IANA what we registered, and it's giving very organized 🎀 This document registers a URI in the "IETF XML Registry" [RFC3688], and it follows the format from RFC 3688, so here's the registration that got made:
URI: urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-ip
Registrant Contact: The NETMOD WG of the IETF.
XML: N/A; the requested URI is an XML namespace.We also registered a YANG module in the "YANG Module Names" registry [RFC6020]. Here's the entry:
Name: ietf-ip
Namespace: urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-ip
Prefix: ip
Reference: RFC 72776. Security Considerations 💀
okay this part is SERIOUS bestie, so read it carefully 🫶 The YANG module in this memo is designed to be accessed through the NETCONF protocol [RFC6241]. The lowest NETCONF layer is the secure transport layer, and the mandatory-to-implement secure transport is SSH [RFC6242]. The NETCONF access control model [RFC6536] lets you restrict particular NETCONF users to a pre-configured subset of all the available NETCONF protocol operations and content. Main character access control 😤
Now, there are a bunch of data nodes in the YANG module that you can write, create, and delete (that's config true, which is the default). These nodes may be considered sensitive or vulnerable in some network environments, and write operations (like edit-config) to them without proper protection can have a negative effect on network operations. Here's the list of subtrees and data nodes, plus why they're sensitive 👇
ipv4/enabledandipv6/enabled: These leafs are used to enable or disable IPv4 and IPv6 on a specific interface. If you enable a protocol on an interface, an attacker might be able to create an unsecured path into a node (or through it, if routing is also enabled). If you disable a protocol on an interface, an attacker might be able to force packets to get routed through some other interface, or deny access to some or all of the network via that protocol. Not okay 💀ipv4/addressandipv6/address: These lists specify the configured IP addresses on an interface. By modifying this information, an attacker can cause a node to either ignore messages destined for it, or accept (at least at the IP layer) messages it would otherwise ignore. The use of filtering or security associations may reduce the potential damage in the latter case. 🛡️ipv4/forwardingandipv6/forwarding: These leafs allow a client to enable or disable the forwarding functions on the entity. Disabling the forwarding functions could let an attacker deny service to users. Enabling them could let an attacker open a conduit into an area. That might make the area provide transit for packets it shouldn't, or it might give the attacker access to the area, bypassing security safeguards. Iykyk, and it's not cute 😭ipv6/autoconf: The leafs in this branch control the autoconfiguration of IPv6 addresses and, in particular, whether or not temporary addresses are used. By modifying the corresponding leafs, an attacker might impact the addresses used by a node, and thus indirectly the privacy of the users using that node. Privacy is not a vibe to mess with 🙈ipv4/mtuandipv6/mtu: Setting these leafs to very small values can be used to slow down interfaces. 🐢
7. Acknowledgments 🫶
Big thanks to Jeffrey Lange, Ladislav Lhotka, Juergen Schoenwaelder, and Dave Thaler for their helpful comments. They're literally the best 💜
8. References 📚
8.1. Normative References
[RFC0791] Postel, J., "Internet Protocol", STD 5, RFC 791,
September 1981.
[RFC2460] Deering, S. and R. Hinden, "Internet Protocol, Version 6
(IPv6) Specification", RFC 2460, December 1998.
[RFC3688] Mealling, M., "The IETF XML Registry", BCP 81, RFC 3688,
January 2004.
[RFC4861] Narten, T., Nordmark, E., Simpson, W., and H. Soliman,
"Neighbor Discovery for IP version 6 (IPv6)", RFC 4861,
September 2007.
[RFC4862] Thomson, S., Narten, T., and T. Jinmei, "IPv6 Stateless
Address Autoconfiguration", RFC 4862, September 2007.
[RFC4941] Narten, T., Draves, R., and S. Krishnan, "Privacy
Extensions for Stateless Address Autoconfiguration in
IPv6", RFC 4941, September 2007.
[RFC6020] Bjorklund, M., "YANG - A Data Modeling Language for the
Network Configuration Protocol (NETCONF)", RFC 6020,
October 2010.
[RFC6241] Enns, R., Bjorklund, M., Schoenwaelder, J., and A.
Bierman, "Network Configuration Protocol (NETCONF)",
RFC 6241, June 2011.
[RFC6991] Schoenwaelder, J., "Common YANG Data Types", RFC 6991,
July 2013.
[RFC7223] Bjorklund, M., "A YANG Data Model for Interface
Management", RFC 7223, May 2014.
[XML] Bray, T., Paoli, J., Sperberg-McQueen, C., Maler, E., and
F. Yergeau, "Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 (Fifth
Edition)", W3C Recommendation, November 2008,
<http://www.w3.org/TR/xml/>.8.2. Informative References
[RFC0826] Plummer, D., "Ethernet Address Resolution Protocol: Or
converting network protocol addresses to 48.bit Ethernet
address for transmission on Ethernet hardware", STD 37,
RFC 826, November 1982.
[RFC4293] Routhier, S., "Management Information Base for the
Internet Protocol (IP)", RFC 4293, April 2006.
[RFC6242] Wasserman, M., "Using the NETCONF Protocol over Secure
Shell (SSH)", RFC 6242, June 2011.
[RFC6536] Bierman, A. and M. Bjorklund, "Network Configuration
Protocol (NETCONF) Access Control Model", RFC 6536,
March 2012.
[RFC7217] Gont, F., "A Method for Generating Semantically Opaque
Interface Identifiers with IPv6 Stateless Address
Autoconfiguration (SLAAC)", RFC 7217, April 2014.
[ROUTING-MGMT]
Lhotka, L., "A YANG Data Model for Routing Management",
Work in Progress, May 2014.Appendix A. Example: NETCONF <get> Reply ✨
okay bestie, this is the fun part 🎀 this section shows what a NETCONF <get> reply looks like for a device that uses the data model from this document 💖 The example is written in XML [XML], so grab a snack and let's look at it together 🍓
<rpc-reply
xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:netconf:base:1.0"
message-id="101">
<data>
<interfaces
xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-interfaces"
xmlns:ianaift="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:iana-if-type">
<interface>
<name>eth0</name>
<type>ianaift:ethernetCsmacd</type>
<ipv4 xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-ip">
<address>
<ip>192.0.2.1</ip>
<prefix-length>24</prefix-length>
</address>
</ipv4>
<ipv6 xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-ip">
<mtu>1280</mtu>
<address>
<ip>2001:db8::10</ip>
<prefix-length>32</prefix-length>
</address>
<dup-addr-detect-transmits>0</dup-addr-detect-transmits>
</ipv6>
</interface>
</interfaces>
<interfaces-state
xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-interfaces"
xmlns:ianaift="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:iana-if-type">
<interface>
<name>eth0</name>
<type>ianaift:ethernetCsmacd</type>
<!-- other parameters from ietf-interfaces omitted -->
<ipv4 xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-ip">
<forwarding>false</forwarding>
<mtu>1500</mtu>
<address>
<ip>192.0.2.1</ip>
<prefix-length>24</prefix-length>
<origin>static</origin>
</address>
<neighbor>
<ip>192.0.2.2</ip>
<link-layer-address>00:01:02:03:04:05</link-layer-address>
</neighbor>
</ipv4>
<ipv6 xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-ip">
<forwarding>false</forwarding>
<mtu>1500</mtu>
<address>
<ip>2001:db8::10</ip>
<prefix-length>32</prefix-length>
<origin>static</origin>
<status>preferred</status>
</address>
<address>
<ip>2001:db8::1:100</ip>
<prefix-length>32</prefix-length>
<origin>dhcp</origin>
<status>preferred</status>
</address>
<neighbor>
<ip>2001:db8::1</ip>
<link-layer-address>00:01:02:03:04:05</link-layer-address>
<origin>dynamic</origin>
<is-router/>
<state>reachable</state>
</neighbor>
<neighbor>
<ip>2001:db8::4</ip>
<origin>dynamic</origin>
<state>incomplete</state>
</neighbor>
</ipv6>
</interface>
</interfaces-state>
</data>
</rpc-reply>Author's Address 🦋
Martin Bjorklund Tail-f Systems
EMail: mbj@tail-f.com
and that's a wrap, bestie 💜 you made it through the whole spec and you're literally obsessed with protocols now, iykyk 🫶
📦 where this page comes from
- ietf: rfc7277 2014-06
- 💖 girlified by claude-haiku-5-5 on : a language model's rewrite of the original, under its terms