RFC 5038
The Label Distribution Protocol (LDP) Implementation Survey Results
RFC 5038: The Label Distribution Protocol (LDP) Implementation Survey Results 🦋
okay bestie, RFC 5038 is from October 2007 and it's part of the Network Working Group 🌸. B. Thomas (Cisco Systems, Inc.) and L. Andersson (Acreo AB) wrote it. It's Informational, so it shares info with the internet community but doesn't set any standard. It doesn't obsolete or update any other RFC. It's just a survey report about how LDP implementations were doing 💅
Status of This Memo
this memo is here to give info to the internet community ✨ It does not specify an Internet standard of any kind, so don't go treating it like one 🙈 Distribution of this memo is unlimited, so share it with everyone 🫶
Abstract
okay so MPLS (described in RFC 3031) is a way of forwarding packets using short, fixed-length values carried by the packets, called labels 🏷️ The labels tell packets where to go next. The big MPLS rule is that two Label Switching Routers (LSRs) have to agree on what the labels mean, or traffic gets lost in the vibes 💀 They get that agreement by using a set of procedures called a Label Distribution Protocol (as described in RFC 3036), where one LSR tells another about the label bindings it made. LDP is the one used by LSRs to hand out labels so MPLS forwarding works along normally routed paths 🧚 This document is a survey of LDP implementations done in August 2002, as part of moving LDP from Proposed to Draft Standard 👑
Table of Contents
1. Introduction ....................................................2
1.1. The LDP Survey Form ........................................2
1.2. LDP Survey Highlights ......................................3
2. Survey Results for LDP Features .................................4
3. Security Considerations .........................................7
4. References ......................................................7
Appendix A. Full LDP Survey Results ................................8
Appendix B. LDP Implementation Survey Form ........................131. Introduction ✨
okay so MPLS is a forwarding method where packets carry short fixed-length labels, and those labels decide the next hop 🦋 [RFC3031] The core idea is that two Label Switching Routers (LSRs) have to agree on what the labels mean when they send traffic between and through each other. They make that agreement with a set of procedures where one LSR tells another what label bindings it made 💖
Label Distribution Protocol (LDP) is the set of procedures LSRs use to distribute labels so MPLS forwarding works along normally routed paths 🌈 LDP was first specified by [RFC3036]. The current LDP spec is [RFC5036], which obsoletes [RFC3036]. [RFC3037] describes where LDP is applicable 🎀
This document is the report on a survey of LDP implementations that happened in August 2002, as part of moving LDP from Proposed to Draft Standard 🍓
this section gives you some highlights from the survey. Section 2 has the full survey results for LDP features, Appendix A has all the survey results, and Appendix B has a copy of the survey form 💅
1.1. The LDP Survey Form
the LDP implementation survey asked for the following info about each LDP implementation 📋
- Responding organization. Organizations that wanted to answer anonymously were accommodated 🫥
- The status, availability, and origin of the LDP implementation.
- The LDP features implemented, and for each one whether it was tested against an independent implementation. The survey form listed each LDP feature defined by [RFC3036] and asked for one of these statuses:
t: Tested against another independent implementation
y: Implemented but not tested against independent
implementation
n: Not implemented
x: Not applicable to this type of implementationfor the n status, responders could optionally add these extra details:
s: RFC specification inadequate, unclear, or confusing
u: Utility of feature unclear
r: Feature not required for feature set implementedthis document uses these conventions for reporting survey results for a feature 🔥
At By Cn indicates:
- A responders implemented the feature and tested it against
another independent implementation (t)
- B responders implemented the feature but have not tested it
against an independent implemented (y)
- C responders did not implement the feature (n)
(Ds Eu Fr) indicates optional responses:
- D responders thought the RFC 3036 specification of the feature
inadequate, unclear, or confusing (s).
- E responders thought the utility of the feature unclear (u).
- F responders considered the feature not required for the
feature set implemented (combines x and r).1.2. LDP Survey Highlights
okay this is the good stuff, the highlights from the implementation survey 🤩
- Who responded: there were 12 responses, and 2 of them were anonymous 🙈 At the time of the survey, 10 of the implementations were available as products and 2 were in beta test. Eleven of the implementations were available for sale. The remaining one came from a company that's no longer in business 💀
- How they were built: seven implementations were independently written from the RFC 3036 specification 🧠 Four implementations combined purchased or free code with code the responder wrote themselves. One implementation was fully purchased code that got ported to the vendor's platform 🛠️
- Feature coverage: every LDP feature in the survey questionnaire was implemented by at least 2 respondents. literally everyone showed up 👑
- The 8 LDP Label Distribution Modes, each implemented and tested. The numbers go
t,y,n, then the mode, the control type, and the retention type 🌸
8t 2y 2n DU, Ord Cntl, Lib reten
7t 1y 4n DU, Ind Cntl, Lib reten
7t 1y 4n DoD Ord Cntl, Cons reten
6t 1y 5n DoD, Ind Cntl, Cons reten
6t 1y 5n DU, Ord Cntl, Cons reten
6t 0y 6n DU, Ind Cntl, Cons reten
4t 3y 5n DoD, Ord Cntl, Lib reten
4t 2y 6n DoD, Ind Cntl, Lib reten- Label spaces: Platform and Interface Label Spaces were both widely supported 🧚
12t 0y 0n Per platform
7t 1y 4n Per interface- Sessions: LDP Basic and Targeted Sessions were both widely supported 💜
12t 0y 0n Basic/Directly Connected
11t 1y 0n Targeted- TCP MD5 Option: the TCP MD5 Option for LDP session TCP connections was not widely implemented 😭
3t 1y 8n3. Security Considerations 🔒
okay so this doc is literally a survey of existing LDP implementations, which means it doesn't specify any protocol behavior 🫶 so there are no security issues introduced by the document itself, and we don't discuss any. 💅
4. Informative References 📚
- [RFC3031] Rosen, E., Viswanathan, A., and R. Callon, "Multiprotocol Label Switching Architecture", RFC 3031, January 2001.
- [RFC3036] Andersson, L., Doolan, P., Feldman, N., Fredette, A., and B. Thomas, "LDP Specification", RFC 3036, January 2001.
- [RFC3037] Thomas, B. and E. Gray, "LDP Applicability", RFC 3037, January 2001.
- [RFC5036] Andersson, L., Ed., Minei, I., Ed., and B. Thomas, Ed., "LDP Specification", RFC 5036, October 2007.
Appendix A. Full LDP Survey Results 🦋
this is the whole survey form with all the results, and yes the numbers are the whole point 🍓 each feature got checked by the responders so you can see who tested what and who just went "y" and moved on 😭
LDP Implementation Survey Form (V 1.0)
=======================================================================
A. General Information
Responders:
Anonymous: 2
Public: 10
Agilent Technologies
Celox Networks, Inc.
Cisco Systems, Inc.
Data Connection Ltd.
NetPlane Systems, Inc
Redback Networks
Riverstone Networks
Trillium, An Intel Company
Vivace Networks, Inc.
Wipro Technologies
=======================================================================
B. LDP Implementation Status, Availability, Origin
Status:
[ ] Development
[ ] Alpha
[ 2] Beta
[10] Product
[ ] Other (describe):
Availability:
[ ] Public and free
[ ] Only to selected organizations/companies but free
[11] On sale
[ ] For internal company use only
[ 1] Other:
Implementation based on: (check all that apply)
[ 1] Purchased code
(please list source if possible)
[ ] Free code
(please list source if possible)
[ 7] Internal implementation
(no outside code, just from specs)
[ 4] Internal implementation on top of purchased
or free code
=======================================================================
C. LDP Feature Survey
For each feature listed, please indicate the status of the
implementation using one of the following:
't' tested against another independent implementation
'y' implemented but not tested against independent
implementation
'n' not implemented
'x' not applicable to this type of implementation
Optional: For 'n' status, indicate reason for not implementing
using one of the following:
's' RFC specification inadequate, unclear, or confusing
'u' utility of feature unclear
'r' feature not required for feature set implemented
Feature RFC 3036 Section(s)
Survey Result
Interface types 2.2.1, 2.5.3,
2.8.2, 3.4.2
12t 0y 0n Packet
2t 3y 7n(3r 1x) Frame Relay
6t 2y 4n(3r) ATM
Label Spaces 2.2.1, 2.2.2
12t 0y 0n Per platform
7t 1y 4n(4r) Per interface
LDP Discovery 2.4
12t 0y 0n Basic 2.4.1
11t 1y 0n Targeted 2.4.2
LDP Sessions 2.2.3
12t 0y 0n Directly Connected --
11t 1y 0n Targeted 2.3
LDP Modes 2.6
7t 1y 4n(2u 1r) DU, Ind cntl, Lib reten 2.6
8t 2y 2n(1r) DU, Ord cntl, Lib reten 2.6
6t 0y 6n(2u 2r) DU, Ind cntl, Cons reten 2.6
6t 1y 5n(1u 2r) DU, Ord cntl, Cons reten 2.6
4t 2y 6n(2u 2r) DoD, Ind cntl, Lib reten 2.6
4t 3y 5n(2r) DoD, Ord cntl, Lib reten 2.6
6t 1y 5n(2u 2r) DoD, Ind cntl, Cons reten 2.6
7t 1y 4n(1u 2r) DoD, Ord cntl, Cons reten 2.6
Loop Detection 2.8
9t 2y 1n
TCP MD5 Option 2.9
3t 1y 8n(1u 1r 1x)
LDP TLVs 3.3, 3.4, throughout
7t 4y 0n(1 noreply) U-bit 3.3
7t 4y 0n(1 noreply) F-bit 3.3
FEC TLV 1, 2.1, 3.4.1
6t 5y 1n(1r) Wildcard 3.4.1
12t 0y 0n Prefix 3.4.1
10t 0y 2n(s1 1u 1r) Host 2.1, 3.4.1
12t 0y 0n Address List TLV 3.4.3
10t 1y 1n Hop Count TLV 3.4.4
9t 2y 1n Path Vector TLV 3.4.5
12t 0y 0n Generic Label TLV 3.4.2.1
6t 2y 4n(2r) ATM Label TLV 3.4.2.2
2t 3y 7n(1u 2r 1x) Frame Relay Label TLV 3.4.2.3
12t 0y 0n Status TLV 3.4.6
9t 3y 0n Extended Status TLV 3.5.1
6t 4y 2n Returned PDU TLV 3.5.1
6t 4y 2n Returned Message TLV 3.5.1
12t 0y 0n Common Hello Param TLV 3.5.2
12t 0y 0n T-bit 3.5.2
11t 0y 1n R-bit 3.5.2
11t 1y 0n Hold Time 3.5.2
12t 0y 0n IPv4 Transport Addr TLV 3.5.2
7t 2y 3n Config Sequence Num TLV 3.5.2
1t 1y 1n(1u 4r 1x) IPv6 Transport Addr TLV 3.5.2
12t 0y 0n Common Session Param TLV 3.5.3
12t 0y 0n KeepAlive Time 3.5.3
11t 0y 1n PVLim 3.5.3
11t 1y 0n PDU Max Length 3.5.3
6t 2y 2n(1r 1x) ATM Session Param TLV 3.5.3
M values
5t 3y 4n(1r 1x) 0 No Merge 3.5.3
3t 3y 6n(s 1 1r 1x) 1 VP Merge 3.5.3
5t 3y 4n(1r 1x) 2 VC Merge 3.5.3
3t 3y 6n(s1 1r 1x) 3 VP & VC Merge 3.5.3
6t 2y 4n(1r 1x) D-bit 3.5.3
6t 2y 4n(1r 1x) ATM Label Range 3.5.3
Component
2t 3y 7n(1u 1r 2x) FR Session Param TLV 3.5.3
M values
2t 3y 7n(1u 1r 2x) 0 No Merge 3.5.3
2t 3y 7n 1 Merge 3.5.3
2t 3y 7n(1u 1r 2x) D-bit 3.5.3
2t 3y 7n(1u 1r 2x) FR Label Range 3.5.3
Component
10t 0y 2n Label Request Msg Id TLV 3.5.7
2t 5y 5n(1u 1r) Vendor-Private TLV 3.6.1.1
1t 5y 6n(2r) Experimental TLV 3.6.2
LDP Messages 3.5, throughout
12t 0y 0n Notification Msg 3.5.1
12t 0y 0n Hello Msg 3.5.2
12t 0y 0n Initialization Msg 3.5.3
12t 0y 0n KeepAlive Msg 3.5.4
12t 0y 0n Address Msg 3.5.5
12t 0y 0n Address Withdraw Msg 3.5.6
12t 0y 0n Label Mapping Msg 3.5.7
10t 0y 2n(1r) Label Request Msg Id TLV 3.5.7
10t 1y 1n Hop Count TLV 3.5.7
10t 1y 1n Path Vect TLV 3.5.7
9t 0y 3n(1x) Label Request Msg 3.5.8
9t 0y 3n(1x) Hop Count TLV 3.5.8
9t 0y 3n(1x) Path Vect TLV 3.5.8
12t 0y 0n Label Withdraw Msg 3.5.10
12t 0y 0n Label TLV 3.5.10
11t 0y 1n Label Release Msg 3.5.11
10t 1y 1n Label TLV 3.5.11
9t 2y 1n Label Abort Req Msg 3.5.9
2t 5y 5n(1u 1r) Vendor-Private Msg 3.6.1.2
1t 5y 6n(2r) Experimental Msg 3.6.2
LDP Status Codes 3.4.6
9t 3y 0n Success 3.4.6, 3.9
8t 4y 0n Bad LDP Id 3.5.1.2.1
7t 5y 0n Bad Ptcl Version 3.5.1.2.1
7t 5y 0n Bad PDU Length 3.5.1.2.1
7t 5y 0n Unknown Message Type 3.5.1.2.1
7t 5y 0n Bad Message Length 3.5.1.2.1
7t 4y 0n(1 noreply) Unknown TLV 3.5.1.2.2
7t 5y 0n Bad TLV Length 3.5.1.2.2
7t 5y 0n Malformed TLV Value 3.5.1.2.2
11t 1y 0n Hold Timer Expired 3.5.1.2.3
11t 1y 0n Shutdown 3.5.1.2.4
10t 1y 1n Loop Detected 3.4.5.1.2, 3.5.8.1
7t 5y 0n Unknown FEC 3.4.1.1
11t 1y 0n No Route 3.5.8.1
9t 3y 0n No Label Resources 3.5.8.1
8t 3y 1n Label Resources Available 3.5.8.1
Session Rejected 2.5.3, 3.5.3
7t 5y 0n No Hello 2.5.3, 3.5.3
9t 2y 1n Param Advert Mode 2.5.3, 3.5.3
9t 2y 1n Param PDU Max Len 2.5.3, 3.5.3
8t 3y 1n Param Label Range 2.5.3, 3.5.3
7t 5y 0n Bad KA Time 3.5.1.2.5, 3.5.3
11t 1y 0n KeepAlive Timer Expired 2.5.6, 3.5.1.2.3
9t 1y 2n Label Request Aborted 3.5.9.1
6t 5y 1n Missing Message Params 3.5.1.2.1
7t 5y 0n Unsupported Addr Family 3.4.1.1, 3.5.5.1
7t 5y 0n Internal Error 3.5.1.2.7Appendix B. LDP Implementation Survey Form 🌈
this is the blank template people filled in, so you can see exactly what questions they were answering 🧚 it was patterned after the HTTP/1.1 implementation report form, which is iconic 👑
LDP Implementation Survey Form (V 1.0)
The purpose of this form is to gather information about implementations
of LDP as defined by RFC 3036. The information is being requested as
part of the process of advancing LDP from Proposed to Draft Standard.
The form is patterned after the implementation report form used for
HTTP/1.1; see:
http://www.ietf.org/IESG/Implementations/http1.1-implementations.txt
=======================================================================
A. General Information
Please provide the following information.
----------------------------------------------------------------
Organization:
Organization url(s):
----------------------------------------------------------------
Product title(s):
Brief description(s):
----------------------------------------------------------------
Contact for LDP information
Name:
Title:
E-mail:
Organization/department:
Postal address:
Phone:
Fax:
=======================================================================
B. LDP Implementation Status, Availability, Origin
Please check [x] the boxes that apply.
----------------------------------------------------------------
Status:
[ ] Development
[ ] Alpha
[ ] Beta
[ ] Product
[ ] Other (describe):
Availability
[ ] Public and free
[ ] Only to selected organizations/companies but free
[ ] On sale.
[ ] For internal company use only
[ ] Other:
Implementation based on: (check all that apply)
[ ] Purchased code
(please list source if possible)
[ ] Free code
(please list source if possible)
[ ] Internal implementation
(no outside code, just from specs)
[ ] Internal implementation on top of purchased
or free code
List portions from external source:
List portions developed internally:
=======================================================================
C. LDP Feature Survey
For each feature listed, please indicate the status of theimplementation using one of the following, and tbh these four codes are all you need 💅
't': tested against another independent implementation ✨'y': implemented, but not tested against an independent implementation 🎀'n': not implemented 🥀'-': not applicable to this type of implementation 🫧
Also, if you marked 'n', you can optionally say why you didn't implement it, using one of these 🔍:
's': RFC specification inadequate, unclear, or confusing 🙈'u': utility of feature unclear 🤔'r': feature not required for feature set implemented 💜
------------------+-----------------------------+-----------------------
| | Status
| | (one of t, y, n, -;
| | if n, optionally
Feature | RFC 3036 Section(s) | one of s, u, r)
==================+=============================+=======================
Interface types | 2.2.1, 2.5.3, 2.8.2, 3.4.2
----------------+-----------------------------+-----------------------
Packet | |
----------------+-----------------------------+-----------------------
Frame Relay | |
----------------+-----------------------------+-----------------------
ATM | |
==================+=============================+=======================
Label Spaces | 2.2.1, 2.2.2
----------------+-----------------------------+-----------------------
Per platform | |
----------------+-----------------------------+-----------------------
Per interface | |
==================+=============================+=======================
LDP Discovery | 2.4
----------------+-----------------------------+-----------------------
Basic | 2.4.1 |
----------------+-----------------------------+-----------------------
Targeted | 2.4.2 |
------------------+-----------------------------+-----------------------
LDP Sessions | 2.2.3
----------------+-----------------------------+-----------------------
Directly | -- |
Connected | |
----------------+-----------------------------+-----------------------
Targeted | 2.3 |
==================+=============================+=======================
LDP Modes | 2.6
----------------+-----------------------------+-----------------------
DU, Ind cntl, | 2.6 |
Lib retention | |
----------------+-----------------------------+-----------------------
DU, Ord cntl, | 2.6 |
Lib retention | |
----------------+-----------------------------+-----------------------
DU, Ind cntl, | 2.6 |
Cons retention | |
----------------+-----------------------------+-----------------------
DU, Ord cntl, | 2.6 |
Cons retention | |
----------------+-----------------------------+-----------------------
DoD, Ind cntl, | 2.6 |
Lib retention | |
----------------+-----------------------------+-----------------------
DoD, Ord cntl, | 2.6 |
Lib retention | |
----------------+-----------------------------+-----------------------
DoD, Ind cntl, | 2.6 |
Cons retention | |
----------------+-----------------------------+-----------------------
DoD, Ord cntl, | 2.6 |
Cons retention | |
==================+=============================+=======================
Loop Detection | 2.8 |
==================+=============================+=======================
TCP MD5 Option | 2.9 |
==================+=============================+=======================
LDP TLVs | 3.3, 3.4, throughout
----------------+-----------------------------+-----------------------
U-bit | 3.3 |
----------------+-----------------------------+-----------------------
F-bit | 3.3 |
------------------+-----------------------------+-----------------------
FEC | 1., 2.1, 3.4.1 |
----------------+-----------------------------+-----------------------
Wildcard | 3.4.1 |
----------------+-----------------------------+-----------------------
Prefix | 2.1, 3.4.1 |
----------------+-----------------------------+-----------------------
Host | 2.1, 3.4.1 |
------------------+-----------------------------+-----------------------
Address List | 3.4.3 |
------------------+-----------------------------+-----------------------
Hop Count | 3.4.4 |
------------------+-----------------------------+-----------------------
Path Vector | 3.4.5 |
------------------+-----------------------------+-----------------------
Generic Label | 3.4.2.1 |
------------------+-----------------------------+-----------------------
ATM Label | 3.4.2.2 |
------------------+-----------------------------+-----------------------
Frame Relay | 3.4.2.3 |
Label | |
------------------+-----------------------------+-----------------------
Status | 3.4.6 |
------------------+-----------------------------+-----------------------
Extended Status | 3.5.1 |
------------------+-----------------------------+-----------------------
Returned PDU | 3.5.1 |
------------------+-----------------------------+-----------------------
Returned Message| 3.5.1 |
------------------+-----------------------------+-----------------------
Common Hello | 3.5.2 |
Parameters | |
----------------+-----------------------------+-----------------------
T-bit | 3.5.2 |
----------------+-----------------------------+-----------------------
R-bit | 3.5.2 |
----------------+-----------------------------+-----------------------
Hold Time | 3.5.2 |
------------------+-----------------------------+-----------------------
IPv4 Transport | 3.5.2 |
Address | |
------------------+-----------------------------+-----------------------
Configuration | 3.5.2 |
Sequence Number | |
------------------+-----------------------------+-----------------------
IPv6 Transport | 3.5.2 |
Address | |
------------------+-----------------------------+-----------------------
Common Session | 3.5.3 |
Parameters | |
----------------+-----------------------------+-----------------------
KeepAlive Time| 3.5.3 |
----------------+-----------------------------+-----------------------
PVLim | 3.5.3 |
----------------+-----------------------------+-----------------------
Max PDU Length| 3.5.3 |
------------------+-----------------------------+-----------------------
ATM Session | 3.5.3 |
Parameters | |
----------------+-----------------------------+-----------------------
M values | |
0 No Merge | 3.5.3 |
------------+-----------------------------+-----------------------
1 VP Merge | 3.5.3 |
------------+-----------------------------+-----------------------
2 VC Merge | 3.5.3 |
------------+-----------------------------+-----------------------
3 VP & | 3.5.3 |
VC Merge | |
----------------+-----------------------------+-----------------------
D-bit | 3.5.3 |
----------------+-----------------------------+-----------------------
ATM Label | 3.5.3 |
Range | |
Component | |
------------------+-----------------------------+-----------------------
Frame Relay | 3.5.3 |
Session | |
Parameters | |
------------------+-----------------------------+-----------------------
M values | |
0 No Merge | 3.5.3 |
------------+-----------------------------+-----------------------
1 Merge | 3.5.3 |
----------------+-----------------------------+-----------------------
D-bit | 3.5.3 |
----------------+-----------------------------+-----------------------
Frame Relay | 3.5.3 |
Label Range | |
Component | |
----------------+-----------------------------+-----------------------
Label Request | 3.5.7 |
Message Id | |
------------------+-----------------------------+-----------------------
Vendor-Private | 3.6.1.1 |
------------------+-----------------------------+-----------------------
Experimental | 3.6.2 |
==================+=============================+=======================
LDP Messages | 3.5, throughout
------------------+-----------------------------+-----------------------
Notification | 3.5.1 |
------------------+-----------------------------+-----------------------
Hello | 3.5.2 |
------------------+-----------------------------+-----------------------
Initialization | 3.5.3 |
------------------+-----------------------------+-----------------------
KeepAlive | 3.5.4 |
------------------+-----------------------------+-----------------------
Address | 3.5.5 |
------------------+-----------------------------+-----------------------
Address Withdraw| 3.5.6 |
------------------+-----------------------------+-----------------------
Label Mapping | 3.5.7 |
----------------+-----------------------------+-----------------------
Label Request | 3.5.7 |
Message Id TLV| |
----------------+-----------------------------+-----------------------
Hop Count TLV | 3.5.7 |
----------------+-----------------------------+-----------------------
Path Vect TLV | 3.5.7 |Author's Addresses 💌
okay so this is where we meet the humans behind the doc 🫶 Bob Thomas is at Cisco Systems, Inc. and Loa Andersson is at Acreo AB, and their contact details are all right here so you can slide into their inboxes if you have questions 💖
Bob Thomas
Cisco Systems, Inc.
1414 Massachusetts Ave.
Boxborough MA 01719
EMail: rhthomas@cisco.com
Loa Andersson
Acreo AB
Isafjordsgatan 22
Kista, Sweden
EMail: loa.andersson@acreo.se
loa@pi.seFull Copyright Statement 🎀
the legal part, but make it cute 🙈 Copyright (C) The IETF Trust (2007).
the doc is subject to the rights, licenses and restrictions in BCP 78, and except for what BCP 78 says, the authors keep all their rights 💅
and the whole thing is provided "AS IS" 😭 the disclaimer is literally in caps because it's SERIOUS:
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that's a wrap on the doc, bestie 🍓🧚
📦 where this page comes from
- ietf: rfc5038 2007-10
- 💖 girlified by claude-haiku-5-5 on : a language model's rewrite of the original, under its terms