RFC 2621
RADIUS Accounting Server MIB
RFC 2621: RADIUS Accounting Server MIB 🎀
okay bestie, let's get into this one 💖 RFC 2621, titled RADIUS Accounting Server MIB, was written by G. Zorn and B. Aboba (both at Microsoft) in June 1999. It's an Informational doc, so it's sharing info with the Internet community and isn't an Internet standard. It doesn't list anything it obsoletes or updates, so it's a clean slate 🧚
Status of this Memo ✨
This memo provides information for the Internet community. It does not specify an Internet standard of any kind, and distribution of it is unlimited 🌸
Copyright Notice 🦋
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (1999). All Rights Reserved.
Abstract 💜
So the whole point here is giving IP-based management stations a way to manage RADIUS accounting servers 🔥. This memo defines a set of extensions that instrument RADIUS accounting server functions, and those extensions are a chunk of the Management Information Base (MIB) for network management protocols on the Internet ✨
1. Introduction ✨
okay so this memo defines a portion of the MIB for network management protocols in the Internet community 💅 Specifically, it describes the managed objects used to manage RADIUS accounting servers.
RADIUS accounting servers are everywhere now 🌈 dialup Internet Service Providers use them to provide accounting services, so managing them well is a really big deal 😭
2. The SNMP Management Framework 🧚
the SNMP Management Framework is made of five major pieces, and honestly it's giving organized 💅
- An overall architecture, described in RFC 2571 [1].
- Mechanisms for describing and naming objects and events for management purposes. The first version of this Structure of Management Information (SMI) is called SMIv1 and is described in STD 15, RFC 1155 [2], STD 16, RFC 1212 [3] and RFC 1215 [4]. The second version, called SMIv2, is described in STD 58, RFC 2578 [5], RFC 2579 [6] and RFC 2580 [7].
- Message protocols for transferring management information. The first version of the SNMP message protocol is called SNMPv1 and is described in STD 15, RFC 1157 [8]. A second version, SNMPv2c, which is not an Internet standards track protocol, is described in RFC 1901 [9] and RFC 1906 [10]. The third version of the message protocol is called SNMPv3 and is described in RFC 1906 [10], RFC 2572 [11] and RFC 2574 [12].
- Protocol operations for accessing management information. The first set of protocol operations and associated PDU formats is described in STD 15, RFC 1157 [8]. A second set of protocol operations and associated PDU formats is described in RFC 1905 [13].
- A set of fundamental applications described in RFC 2573 [14], plus the view-based access control mechanism described in RFC 2575 [15].
Managed objects get accessed through a virtual information store called the Management Information Base, or MIB 🦋 and objects in the MIB are defined using the mechanisms in the SMI.
This memo specifies a MIB module that is compliant to SMIv2 ✨ A MIB conforming to SMIv1 can be produced through the appropriate translations. The translated MIB must be semantically equivalent, except where objects or events are omitted because no translation is possible (use of Counter64). Some machine readable information in SMIv2 gets turned into textual descriptions in SMIv1 during translation, but that loss of machine readable info is not considered to change the semantics of the MIB 💖
3. Overview 🌸
so the RADIUS accounting protocol, described in [16], has a client function and a server function, and they're different 🫶 In RADIUS accounting, clients send Accounting-Requests and servers reply with Accounting-Responses.
Typically NAS devices implement the client function, so they would be expected to implement the RADIUS accounting client MIB. RADIUS accounting servers implement the server function, so they would be expected to implement the RADIUS accounting server MIB 🎀
BUT (it's giving plot twist) a RADIUS accounting entity can do both jobs at once 💅 For example, a RADIUS proxy can act as a server to one or more RADIUS accounting clients while also acting as an accounting client to one or more accounting servers. In situations like that, entities doing both client and server work are expected to support both the client and server MIBs 👑
3.1. Selected objects 💅
this MIB module has thirteen scalars and a single table 🍓
- The RADIUS Accounting Client Table contains one row for each RADIUS accounting client that the server shares a secret with.
Each entry in the RADIUS Accounting Client Table includes eleven columns that give a view of the activity of the RADIUS accounting server 📊
4. Definitions ✨
here's the actual MIB module, copied exactly so every byte lines up 🧚
RADIUS-ACC-SERVER-MIB DEFINITIONS ::= BEGIN
IMPORTS
MODULE-IDENTITY, OBJECT-TYPE, OBJECT-IDENTITY,
Counter32, Integer32,
IpAddress, TimeTicks, mib-2 FROM SNMPv2-SMI
SnmpAdminString FROM SNMP-FRAMEWORK-MIB
MODULE-COMPLIANCE, OBJECT-GROUP FROM SNMPv2-CONF;
radiusAccServMIB MODULE-IDENTITY
LAST-UPDATED "9906110000Z" -- 11 Jun 1999
ORGANIZATION "IETF RADIUS Working Group."
CONTACT-INFO
" Bernard Aboba
Microsoft
One Microsoft Way
Redmond, WA 98052
US
Phone: +1 425 936 6605
EMail: bernarda@microsoft.com"
DESCRIPTION
"The MIB module for entities implementing the server
side of the Remote Access Dialin User Service (RADIUS)
accounting protocol."
REVISION "9906110000Z" -- 11 Jun 1999
DESCRIPTION "Initial version as published in RFC 2621"
::= { radiusAccounting 1 }
radiusMIB OBJECT-IDENTITY
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The OID assigned to RADIUS MIB work by the IANA."
::= { mib-2 67 }
radiusAccounting OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {radiusMIB 2}
radiusAccServMIBObjects OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::=
{ radiusAccServMIB 1 }
radiusAccServ OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { radiusAccServMIBObjects 1 }
radiusAccServIdent OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX SnmpAdminString
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The implementation identification string for the
RADIUS accounting server software in use on the
system, for example; `FNS-2.1'"
::= {radiusAccServ 1}
radiusAccServUpTime OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX TimeTicks
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"If the server has a persistent state (e.g., a process),
this value will be the time elapsed (in hundredths of a
second) since the server process was started.
For software without persistent state, this value will
be zero."
::= {radiusAccServ 2}
radiusAccServResetTime OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX TimeTicks
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"If the server has a persistent state (e.g., a process)
and supports a `reset' operation (e.g., can be told to
re-read configuration files), this value will be the
time elapsed (in hundredths of a second) since the
server was `reset.' For software that does not
have persistence or does not support a `reset' operation,
this value will be zero."
::= {radiusAccServ 3}
radiusAccServConfigReset OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX INTEGER { other(1),
reset(2),
initializing(3),
running(4)}
MAX-ACCESS read-write
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"Status/action object to reinitialize any persistent
server state. When set to reset(2), any persistent
server state (such as a process) is reinitialized as if
the server had just been started. This value will
never be returned by a read operation. When read, one
of the following values will be returned:
other(1) - server in some unknown state;
initializing(3) - server (re)initializing;
running(4) - server currently running."
::= {radiusAccServ 4}
-- New Stats proposed by Dale E. Reed Jr (daler@iea.com)
radiusAccServTotalRequests OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Counter32
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The number of packets received on the
accounting port."
::= { radiusAccServ 5 }
radiusAccServTotalInvalidRequests OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Counter32
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The number of RADIUS Accounting-Request packets
received from unknown addresses."
::= { radiusAccServ 6 }
radiusAccServTotalDupRequests OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Counter32
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The number of duplicate RADIUS Accounting-Request
packets received."
::= { radiusAccServ 7 }
radiusAccServTotalResponses OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Counter32
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The number of RADIUS Accounting-Response packets sent."
::= { radiusAccServ 8 }
radiusAccServTotalMalformedRequests OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Counter32
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The number of malformed RADIUS Accounting-Request
packets received. Bad authenticators or unknown
types are not included as malformed Access-Requests."
::= { radiusAccServ 9 }
radiusAccServTotalBadAuthenticators OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Counter32
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The number of RADIUS Accounting-Request packets
which contained invalid Signature attributes."
::= { radiusAccServ 10 }
radiusAccServTotalPacketsDropped OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Counter32
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The number of incoming packets silently discarded
for a reason other than malformed, bad authenticators,
or unknown types."
::= { radiusAccServ 11 }
radiusAccServTotalNoRecords OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Counter32
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The number of RADIUS Accounting-Request packets
which were received and responded to but not
recorded."
::= { radiusAccServ 12 }
radiusAccServTotalUnknownTypes OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Counter32
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The number of RADIUS packets of unknowntype which
were received."
::= { radiusAccServ 13 }
-- End of new
radiusAccClientTable OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX SEQUENCE OF RadiusAccClientEntry
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The (conceptual) table listing the RADIUS accounting
clients with which the server shares a secret."
::= { radiusAccServ 14 }Okay bestie, this is where the actual table entries live, so get ready 💖 Each row describes one RADIUS accounting client that the server shares a secret with, and every counter is tied to that client. Here's the MIB module chunk, copied exactly 🦋
radiusAccClientEntry OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX RadiusAccClientEntry
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"An entry (conceptual row) representing a RADIUS
accounting client with which the server shares a secret."
INDEX { radiusAccClientIndex }
::= { radiusAccClientTable 1 }
RadiusAccClientEntry ::= SEQUENCE {
radiusAccClientIndex Integer32,
radiusAccClientAddress IpAddress,
radiusAccClientID SnmpAdminString,
radiusAccServPacketsDropped Counter32,
radiusAccServRequests Counter32,
radiusAccServDupRequests Counter32,
radiusAccServResponses Counter32,
radiusAccServBadAuthenticators Counter32,
radiusAccServMalformedRequests Counter32,
radiusAccServNoRecords Counter32,
radiusAccServUnknownTypes Counter32
}
radiusAccClientIndex OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Integer32 (1..2147483647)
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"A number uniquely identifying each RADIUS accounting
client with which this server communicates."
::= { radiusAccClientEntry 1 }
radiusAccClientAddress OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX IpAddress
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The NAS-IP-Address of the RADIUS accounting client
referred to in this table entry."
::= { radiusAccClientEntry 2 }
radiusAccClientID OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX SnmpAdminString
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The NAS-Identifier of the RADIUS accounting client
referred to in this table entry. This is not necessarily
the same as sysName in MIB II."
::= { radiusAccClientEntry 3 }
-- Server Counters
--
-- Requests - DupRequests - BadAuthenticators - MalformedRequests -
-- UnknownTypes - PacketsDropped - Responses = Pending
--
-- Requests - DupRequests - BadAuthenticators - MalformedRequests -
-- UnknownTypes - PacketsDropped - NoRecords = entries logged
radiusAccServPacketsDropped OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Counter32
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The number of incoming packets received
from this client and silently discarded
for a reason other than malformed, bad
authenticators, or unknown types."
::= { radiusAccClientEntry 4 }
radiusAccServRequests OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Counter32
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The number of packets received from this
client on the accounting port."
::= { radiusAccClientEntry 5 }
radiusAccServDupRequests OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Counter32
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The number of duplicate RADIUS Accounting-Request
packets received from this client."
::= { radiusAccClientEntry 6 }
radiusAccServResponses OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Counter32
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The number of RADIUS Accounting-Response packets
sent to this client."
::= { radiusAccClientEntry 7 }
radiusAccServBadAuthenticators OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Counter32
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The number of RADIUS Accounting-Request packets
which contained invalid authenticators received
from this client."
::= { radiusAccClientEntry 8 }
radiusAccServMalformedRequests OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Counter32
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The number of malformed RADIUS Accounting-Request
packets which were received from this client.
Bad authenticators and unknown types
are not included as malformed Accounting-Requests."
::= { radiusAccClientEntry 9 }
radiusAccServNoRecords OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Counter32
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The number of RADIUS Accounting-Request packets
which were received and responded to but not
recorded."
::= { radiusAccClientEntry 10 }
radiusAccServUnknownTypes OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Counter32
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The number of RADIUS packets of unknown type which
were received from this client."
::= { radiusAccClientEntry 11 }
-- conformance information
radiusAccServMIBConformance
OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { radiusAccServMIB 2 }
radiusAccServMIBCompliances
OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { radiusAccServMIBConformance 1 }
radiusAccServMIBGroups
OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { radiusAccServMIBConformance 2 }
-- compliance statements
radiusAccServMIBCompliance MODULE-COMPLIANCE
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The compliance statement for accounting servers
implementing the RADIUS Accounting Server MIB."
MODULE -- this module
MANDATORY-GROUPS { radiusAccServMIBGroup }
OBJECT radiusAccServConfigReset
WRITE-SYNTAX INTEGER { reset(2) }
DESCRIPTION "The only SETable value is 'reset' (2)."
::= { radiusAccServMIBCompliances 1 }
-- units of conformance
radiusAccServMIBGroup OBJECT-GROUP
OBJECTS {radiusAccServIdent,
radiusAccServUpTime,
radiusAccServResetTime,
radiusAccServConfigReset,
radiusAccServTotalRequests,
radiusAccServTotalInvalidRequests,
radiusAccServTotalDupRequests,
radiusAccServTotalResponses,
radiusAccServTotalMalformedRequests,
radiusAccServTotalBadAuthenticators,
radiusAccServTotalPacketsDropped,
radiusAccServTotalNoRecords,
radiusAccServTotalUnknownTypes,
radiusAccClientAddress,
radiusAccClientID,
radiusAccServPacketsDropped,
radiusAccServRequests,
radiusAccServDupRequests,
radiusAccServResponses,
radiusAccServBadAuthenticators,
radiusAccServMalformedRequests,
radiusAccServNoRecords,
radiusAccServUnknownTypes
}
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The collection of objects providing management of
a RADIUS Accounting Server."
::= { radiusAccServMIBGroups 1 }
END5. References 📚
[1] Harrington, D., Presuhn, R., and B. Wijnen, "An Architecture for Describing SNMP Management Frameworks", RFC 2571, April 1999.
[2] Rose, M., and K. McCloghrie, "Structure and Identification of Management Information for TCP/IP-based Internets", STD 16, RFC 1155, May 1990.
[3] Rose, M., and K. McCloghrie, "Concise MIB Definitions", STD 16, RFC 1212, March 1991.
[4] Rose, M., "A Convention for Defining Traps for use with the SNMP", RFC 1215, Performance Systems International, March 1991.
[5] McCloghrie, K., Perkins, D., Schoenwaelder, J., Case, J., Rose, M. and S. Waldbusser, "Structure of Management Information Version 2 (SMIv2)", STD 58, RFC 2578, April 1999.
[6] McCloghrie, K., Perkins, D., Schoenwaelder, J., Case, J., Rose, M. and S. Waldbusser, "Textual Conventions for SMIv2", STD 58, RFC 2579, April 1999.
[7] McCloghrie, K., Perkins, D., Schoenwaelder, J., Case, J., Rose, M. and S. Waldbusser, "Conformance Statements for SMIv2", STD 58, RFC 2580, April 1999.
[8] Case, J., Fedor, M., Schoffstall, M., and J. Davin, "Simple Network Management Protocol", STD 15, RFC 1157, May 1990.
[9] Case, J., McCloghrie, K., Rose, M., and S. Waldbusser, "Introduction to Community-based SNMPv2", RFC 1901, January 1996.
[10] Case, J., McCloghrie, K., Rose, M., and S. Waldbusser, "Transport Mappings for Version 2 of the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMPv2)", RFC 1906, January 1996.
[11] Case, J., Harrington D., Presuhn R., and B. Wijnen, "Message Processing and Dispatching for the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)", RFC 2572, April 1999.
[12] Blumenthal, U., and B. Wijnen, "User-based Security Model for Version 3 of the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMPv3)", RFC 2574, April 1999.
[13] Case, J., McCloghrie, K., Rose, M., and S. Waldbusser, "Protocol Operations for Version 2 of the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMPv2)", RFC 1905, January 1996.
[14] Levi, D., Meyer, P., and B. Stewart, "SNMP Applications", RFC 2573, April 1999.
[15] Wijnen, B., Presuhn, R., and K. McCloghrie, "View-based Access Control Model for the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)", RFC 2575, April 1999.
[16] Rigney, C., "RADIUS Accounting", RFC 2139, April 1997.
6. Security Considerations 🔐
okay this part is SERIOUS bestie, no skipping 😭 There are management objects (radiusAccServConfigReset) defined in this MIB that have a MAX-ACCESS clause of read-write and/or read-create. Such objects may be considered sensitive or vulnerable in some network environments. The support for SET operations in a non-secure environment without proper protection can have a negative effect on network operations.
There are a number of managed objects in this MIB that may contain sensitive information. These are:
radiusAccClientAddress: This can be used to determine the address of the RADIUS accounting client with which the server is communicating. This information could be useful in impersonating the client.radiusAccClientID: This can be used to determine the client ID for the accounting client with which the server is communicating. This information could be useful in impersonating the client.
It is thus important to control even GET access to these objects and possibly to even encrypt the values of these object when sending them over the network via SNMP. Not all versions of SNMP provide features for such a secure environment.
SNMPv1 by itself is not a secure environment. Even if the network itself is secure (for example by using IPSec), there is no control as to who on the secure network is allowed to access and GET/SET (read/change/create/delete) the objects in this MIB.
It is recommended that the implementers consider the security features as provided by the SNMPv3 framework. Specifically, the use of the User-based Security Model RFC 2574 [12] and the View-based Access Control Model RFC 2575 [15] is recommended. Using these security features, customer/users can give access to the objects only to those principals (users) that have legitimate rights to GET or SET (change/create/delete) them.
7. Acknowledgments 🫶
The authors acknowledge the contributions of the RADIUS Working Group in the development of this MIB. Thanks to Narendra Gidwani of Microsoft, Allan C. Rubens of MERIT, Carl Rigney of Livingston and Peter Heitman of American Internet Corporation for useful discussions of this problem space.
8. Authors' Addresses ✨
Bernard Aboba 🦋
- Microsoft Corporation
- One Microsoft Way
- Redmond, WA 98052
- Phone: 425-936-6605
- EMail: bernarda@microsoft.com
Glen Zorn 💜
- Microsoft Corporation
- One Microsoft Way
- Redmond, WA 98052
- Phone: 425-703-1559
- EMail: glennz@microsoft.com
9. Full Copyright Statement 💅
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (1999). All Rights Reserved. 🌈
Okay, the legal bit, but make it cute 🎀: this document, and any translations of it, can be copied and shared with anyone. You can also write derivative works that comment on or explain it, or help with its implmentation, and publish and distribute those however you want, in whole or in part, with no restrictions of any kind. The one condition is that the copyright notice and this paragraph have to stay on every copy and every derivative work. 🫶
The original document itself can't be modified in any way. That means no removing the copyright notice or the references to the Internet Society or other Internet organizations. The only exceptions are when it's needed to develop Internet standards, in which case the copyright procedures in the Internet Standards process must be followed, or when it's translated into a language other than English. 🌸
The limited permissions above are perpetual, meaning they will never be revoked by the Internet Society or its successors or assigns. ⭐
This document and the information in it are provided on an "AS IS" basis, and THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING TASK FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. 💀
Acknowledgement 🧚
Funding for the RFC Editor function is currently provided by the Internet Society. 👑 Thank you, Internet Society, you're literally keeping the lights on! 🍓
📦 where this page comes from
- ietf: rfc2621 1999-06
- 💖 girlified by claude-haiku-5-5 on : a language model's rewrite of the original, under its terms