RFC 2319
Ukrainian Character Set KOI8-U
Ukrainian Character Set KOI8-U ✨
Network Working Group 🎀 KOI8-U Working Group
Request for Comments: 2319 💖
Category: Informational 🦋
Date: April 1998 🌸
It doesn't obsolete or update any other RFCs, because nothing is listed in the header. 🙈
Status of This Memo 💅
okay so this memo is just info for the Internet community, not a standard 🫶 It does not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Distribution of this memo is unlimited, so share it with everyone 🌈
Copyright Notice 📝
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (1998). All Rights Reserved. 🔥
Abstract ✨
bestie, this doc is all about the character encoding KOI8-U (KOI8 Ukrainian) 💜 It's a de-facto standard in the Ukrainian Internet community, so basically everyone uses it and it's iconic 👑
KOI8-U is compatible with KOI8-R (RFC 1489) in all Russian letters, and it adds four Ukrainian letters whose code positions comply with ISO-IR-111. Main character energy, honestly 💅 The official site of the KOI8-U Working Group is http://www.net.ua.
Introduction 🧚
okay so this doc tells you about KOI8-U (KOI8 Ukrainian) 🍓 It's widely used in the Ukrainian Internet community for mail and news exchange, and also for showing WWW information resources in the Ukrainian language. Slay 🦋
Originally, the specification for the proposed standard koi8-u was officially adopted at the conference of Postmasters of Ukrainian Internet Service Providers in Slavsk in Autumn of 1992. It was presented by Igor Sviridov from Kiev and Stas Vorony from Kharkiv 🫶 Later, in June 1995, the specification was completed with UKRAINIAN GHE WITH UPTURN 🎀
KOI8-U is a de-facto standard that's supported in lots of operating systems and Internet user applications. That includes encoding tables, fonts, and locale support for many operating systems and environments. It's giving everywhere 🌸
MIME character set name: koi8-u 💖
Relation to other RFCs 🌈
This standard is based on several published standards, and it's giving "built on the shoulders of giants" energy ⭐ These are RFC1489 (which is fully compatible in all Russian letters), RFC-1345, ISO-IR-111, and ISO 10646 🧚
Compatibility with other character sets 🦋
The lower part of the KOI8-U Ukrainian Character Set is a complete copy of ASCII, just like it's used in KOI8-R and other non-ASCII codepages. So the basics are super familiar 💅
The upper part of the KOI8-U Character Set has all the Russian letters defined in KOI8-R, plus four Ukrainian letters 🌸 Their positions are:
#164and#180: ukr. ie#166and#182: ukr. i#167and#183: ukr. yi#173and#189: ukr. ghe with upturn
Those four letter positions comply with ISO-IR-111 🔥
BOX DRAWINGS elements in the other positions (the ones that Ukrainian letters don't use) are the same as in the KOI8-R character set 🎀 A list of all the differences between KOI8-R and the proposed KOI8-U is given in APPENDIX A. iykyk 🙈
Specification of the upper part of KOI8-U codepage 💜
The description of all the characters in the upper half of the KOI8-U codepage is given according to the ISO 10646 Unicode Character Set (UCS) 🌈 KOI8-U charset table in RFC1345 format is given in Appendix B 🦋
Here's the full table. It's long, but it's the whole vibe ✨
<decimal> <hex-code> <UCS> <description>
128 80 U2500 BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT HORIZONTAL
129 81 U2502 BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT VERTICAL
130 82 U250C BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DOWN AND RIGHT
131 83 U2510 BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DOWN AND LEFT
132 84 U2514 BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT UP AND RIGHT
133 85 U2518 BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT UP AND LEFT
134 86 U251C BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT VERTICAL AND RIGHT
135 87 U2524 BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT VERTICAL AND LEFT
136 88 U252C BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DOWN AND HORIZONTAL
137 89 U2534 BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT UP AND HORIZONTAL
138 8A U253C BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT VERTICAL AND
HORIZONTAL
139 8B U2580 UPPER HALF BLOCK
140 8C U2584 LOWER HALF BLOCK
141 8D U2588 FULL BLOCK
142 8E U258C LEFT HALF BLOCK
143 8F U2590 RIGHT HALF BLOCK
144 90 U2591 LIGHT SHADE
145 91 U2592 MEDIUM SHADE
146 92 U2593 DARK SHADE
147 93 U2320 TOP HALF INTEGRAL
148 94 U25A0 BLACK SQUARE
149 95 U2219 BULLET OPERATOR
150 96 U221A SQUARE ROOT
151 97 U2248 ALMOST EQUAL TO
152 98 U2264 LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO
153 99 U2265 GREATER THAN OR EQUAL TO
154 9A U00A0 NO-BREAK SPACE
155 9B U2321 BOTTOM HALF INTEGRAL
156 9C U00B0 DEGREE SIGN
157 9D U00B2 SUPERSCRIPT TWO
158 9E U00B7 MIDDLE DOT
159 9F U00F7 DIVISION SIGN
160 A0 U2550 BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE HORIZONTAL
161 A1 U2551 BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE VERTICAL
162 A2 U2552 BOX DRAWINGS DOWN SINGLE AND RIGHT
DOUBLE
163 A3 U0451 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IO
164 A4 U0454 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER UKRAINIAN IE
165 A5 U2554 BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE DOWN AND RIGHT
166 A6 U0456 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER BYELORUSSIAN-
UKRAINIAN I
167 A7 U0457 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YI (UKRAINIAN)
168 A8 U2557 BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE DOWN AND LEFT
169 A9 U2558 BOX DRAWINGS UP SINGLE AND RIGHT DOUBLE
170 AA U2559 BOX DRAWINGS UP DOUBLE AND RIGHT SINGLE
171 AB U255A BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE UP AND RIGHT
172 AC U255B BOX DRAWINGS UP SINGLE AND LEFT DOUBLE
173 AD U0491 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER GHE WITH UPTURN
174 AE U255D BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE UP AND LEFT
175 AF U255E BOX DRAWINGS VERTICAL SINGLE AND
RIGHT DOUBLE
176 B0 U255F BOX DRAWINGS VERTICAL DOUBLE AND
RIGHT SINGLE
177 B1 U2560 BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE VERTICAL AND RIGHT
178 B2 U2561 BOX DRAWINGS VERTICAL SINGLE AND
LEFT DOUBLE
179 B3 U0401 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER IO
180 B4 U0404 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER UKRAINIAN IE
181 B5 U2563 BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE VERTICAL AND LEFT
182 B6 U0406 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER
BYELORUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN I
183 B7 U0407 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER YI (UKRAINIAN)
184 B8 U2566 BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE DOWN AND HORIZONTAL
185 B9 U2567 BOX DRAWINGS UP SINGLE AND
HORIZONTAL DOUBLE
186 BA U2568 BOX DRAWINGS UP DOUBLE AND
HORIZONTAL SINGLE
187 BB U2569 BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE UP AND HORIZONTAL
188 BC U256A BOX DRAWINGS VERTICAL SINGLE AND
HORIZONTAL DOUBLE
189 BD U0490 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER GHE WITH UPTURN
190 BE U256C BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE VERTICAL AND
HORIZONTAL
191 BF U00A9 COPYRIGHT SIGN
192 C0 U044E CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YU
193 C1 U0430 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER A
194 C2 U0431 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER BE
195 C3 U0446 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER TSE
196 C4 U0434 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER DE
197 C5 U0435 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IE
198 C6 U0444 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EF
199 C7 U0433 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER GHE
200 C8 U0445 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KHA
201 C9 U0438 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER I
202 CA U0439 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SHORT I
203 CB U043A CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KA
204 CC U043B CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EL
205 CD U043C CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EM
206 CE U043D CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EN
207 CF U043E CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER O
208 D0 U043F CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER PE
209 D1 U044F CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YA
210 D2 U0440 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ER
211 D3 U0441 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ES
212 D4 U0442 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER TE
213 D5 U0443 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER U
214 D6 U0436 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ZHE
215 D7 U0432 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER VE
216 D8 U044C CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SOFT SIGN
217 D9 U044B CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YERU
218 DA U0437 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ZE
219 DB U0448 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SHA
220 DC U044D CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER E
221 DD U0449 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SHCHA
222 DE U0447 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER CHE
223 DF U044A CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER HARD SIGN
224 E0 U042E CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER YU
225 E1 U0410 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER A
226 E2 U0411 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER BE
227 E3 U0426 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER TSE
228 E4 U0414 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER DE
229 E5 U0415 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER IE
230 E6 U0424 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER EF
231 E7 U0413 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER GHE
232 E8 U0425 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KHA
233 E9 U0418 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER I
234 EA U0419 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SHORT I
235 EB U041A CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KA
236 EC U041B CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER EL
237 ED U041C CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER EM
238 EE U041D CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER EN
239 EF U041E CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER O
240 F0 U041F CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER PE
241 F1 U042F CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER YA
242 F2 U0420 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ER
243 F3 U0421 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ES
244 F4 U0422 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER TE
245 F5 U0423 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER U
246 F6 U0416 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ZHE
247 F7 U0412 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER VE
248 F8 U042C CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SOFT SIGN
249 F9 U042B CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER YERU
250 FA U0417 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ZE
251 FB U0428 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SHA
252 FC U042D CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER E
253 FD U0429 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SHCHA
254 FE U0427 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER CHE
255 FF U042A CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER HARD SIGNAcknowledgments ✨
okay bestie, this part is all about the people who made KOI8-U happen 🫶 The current edition was prepared by the KOI8-U Working Group, and it's the result of a LOT of discussion in the Ukrainian USENET newsgroup ukr.nodes, plus a consensus reached by most Ukrainian ISPs 💜
Special shoutouts go to:
- Andrew Chernov,
<ache@astral.msk.su>, author of the first Internet RFC, RFC 1489, which describes the KOI8-R Russian character set 🌸 - Igor Sviridov,
<sia@nest.org>, who did the early work on establishing and supporting the KOI8-U character set and its implementation in the first e-mail products 💅
Lots of people also helped with the early work on the koi8-u encoding, and they deserve all the flowers 🌷
Stanislav V. Voronyi <stas@uanet.kharkov.ua>
Serge Vakulenko <vak@zebub.msk.su>
Lena Savchenko <epsav@eps.computerland.kiev.ua>
Igor Romanenko <igor@carrier.kiev.ua>
Ruslan Belkin <rus@UA.net>
Andrey Blohintsev <bag@UA.net>References 📚
- [1] Chernov, A., "Registration of a Cyrillic Character Set", RFC 1489, July 1993.
- [2] UNICODE 2.0 CHARACTER DATABASE. -
ftp://unicode.org/pub/2.0-Update/UnicodeData-2.0.14.txt - [3] Ukrainian letters in koi8-u and other character sets
ftp://ftp.ua.net/pub/info/encodings/koi8-u/ukr_chars_in_koi8-u_and_others.txt, June 1995. - [4] ECMA-CYRILLIC. -
ftp://dkuug.dk/i18n/charmaps.all/ECMA-CYRILLIC - [5] Simonsen, K., "Character Mnemonics & Character Sets" RFC 1345, June 1992.
KOI8-U Working Group List 🧚
Here's the squad! The coordinator is first, then the rest of the crew 💖
Coordinator:
Alexander Yeremenko <koi8-u@sita.kiev.ua>
Yuri Demchenko <demch@cad.ntu-kpi.kiev.ua>
Victor Forsyuk <victor@gu.net>
Taras Heychenko <tasic@lucky.net>
Pavel Gulchuk <gul@lucky.net>
Dmitry Kohmanyuk <dk@farm.org>
Boris Mostovoy <vms@breaker.gu.net>
Helen Panchenko <elena@alex-ua.com>
Igor Romanenko <igor@lucky.net>
Eugene Sherstobitov <gene@lucky.net>
Andrew Stesin <stesin@gu.net>
Igor Sviridov <sia@nest.org>
Roman A. Tkachuk <roman@bit.ternopil.ua>APPENDIX A 🎀
DIFFERENCE OF KOI8-U from KOI8-R (RFC 1489)
Okay, so here's the tea ☕ KOI8-U is compatible with KOI8-R in all the Cyrillic letters, and then it levels up by adding four Ukrainian letters: UKRAINIAN IE (#164, #180), CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER BELORUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN I (#166, #182), UKRAINIAN YI (#167, #183), and UKRAINIAN GHE WITH UPTURN (#173, #189). Iconic glow-up 🦋
<decimal> <hex-code> <UCS> <description>
164 A4 U0454 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER UKRAINIAN IE
166 A6 U0456 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER
BELORUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN I
167 A7 U0457 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YI (UKRAINIAN)
173 AD U0491 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER UKRAINIAN GHE
WITH UPTURN
180 B4 U0403 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER UKRAINIAN IE
182 B6 U0406 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER
BELORUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN I
183 B7 U0407 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER YI (UKRAINIAN)
189 BD U0490 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER UKRAINIAN GHE
WITH UPTURNAPPENDIX B ✨
KOI8-U charset table in RFC1345 format
This is the full charset table in RFC1345 format, so you can see every single code point 🤓
&charset KOI8-U
&rem source: RFC 2319
&rem Mibenum: 2088
&rem source: http://www.net.ua/KOI8-U/
&bits 8
&code 0
NU SH SX EX ET EQ AK BL BS HT LF VT FF CR SO SI
DL D1 D2 D3 D4 NK SY EB CN EM SB EC FS GS RS US
SP ! " Nb DO % & ' ( ) * + , - . / 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 : ; < = > ?
At A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z <( // )> '> _
'! a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z (! !! !) '? DT
hh vv dr dl ur ul vr vl dh uh vh TB LB FB lB RB
.S :S ?S Iu fS Sb RT ?2 =< >= NS Il DG 2S .M -:
HH VV dR io ie DR ii yi LD uR Ur UR uL g3 UL vR
Vr VR vL IO IE VL II YI DH uH Uh UH vH G3 VH Co
ju a= b= c= d= e= f= g= h= i= j= k= l= m= n= o=
p= ja r= s= t= u= z% v= %' y= z= s% je sc c% ='
JU A= B= C= D= E= F= G= H= I= J= K= L= M= N= O=
P= JA R= S= T= U= Z% V= %" Y= Z= S% JE Sc C% ="Full Copyright Statement 🌈
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (1998). All Rights Reserved. 💖
Okay, the legal bit, but make it cute 🎀 You can copy and hand this document out to others, and you can make derivative works that comment on or explain it, or that help with implementing it. You can prepare, copy, publish and distribute those in whole or in part, without restriction of any kind, as long as the copyright notice above and this paragraph stay on all copies and derivative works. However, this document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing the copyright notice or the references to the Internet Society or other Internet organizations. The exception is when it's needed for developing Internet standards, in which case the copyright procedures in the Internet Standards process must be followed, or when it's needed to translate it into languages other than English.
The limited permissions above are perpetual and will not be revoked by the Internet Society or its successors or assigns. Forever and ever 🦋
This document and the information in it are provided on an "AS IS" basis, and THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING TASK FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. 🙈
📦 where this page comes from
- ietf: rfc2319 1998-04
- 💖 girlified by claude-haiku-5-5 on : a language model's rewrite of the original, under its terms