RFC 1566
Mail Monitoring MIB
Mail Monitoring MIB 💌
okay bestie, let's get into this one 🎀 It's RFC 1566, called Mail Monitoring MIB, and it's a Standards Track doc from January 1994. The authors are S. Kille, WG Chair at ISODE Consortium, and N. Freed, Editor at Innosoft. It was written in the Network Working Group 🧚
- Title: Mail Monitoring MIB
- Authors: S. Kille (WG Chair, ISODE Consortium); N. Freed (Editor, Innosoft)
- Category: Standards Track
- Date: January 1994
- Obsoletes / Updates: nothing listed in the title block 🦋
Status of this Memo ✨
this is an Internet standards track protocol for the Internet community, and they're literally asking for your discussion and suggestions for improvements 🫶 For the standardization state and status of this protocol, check the current edition of the "Internet Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1). Distribution of this memo is unlimited 💅
Table of Contents 📚
1. Introduction ................................................. 2
2. The SNMPv2 Network Management Framework ...................... 2
2.1 Object Definitions .......................................... 2
3. Message Flow Model ........................................... 3
4. MTA Objects .................................................. 3
5. Definitions .................................................. 4
6. Acknowledgements .............................................19
7. References ...................................................19
8. Security Considerations ......................................19
9. Authors' Addresses ...........................................201. Introduction 🦋
okay so this memo defines a chunk of the Management Information Base (MIB) for use with network management protocols in the Internet community 💖 The main thing is that it extends the basic Network Services Monitoring MIB [5] so you can monitor Message Transfer Agents (MTAs). It may also be used to monitor MTA components within gateways 🌸
2. The SNMPv2 Network Management Framework 🧚
the SNMPv2 Network Management Framework is made of four major components, and they are:
- RFC 1442 [1], which defines the SMI, the mechanisms used for describing and naming objects for the purpose of management.
- STD 17, RFC 1213 [2] defines MIB-II, the core set of managed objects for the Internet suite of protocols.
- RFC 1445 [3], which defines the administrative and other architectural aspects of the framework.
- RFC 1448 [4], which defines the protocol used for network access to managed objects.
the Framework permits new objects to be defined for the purpose of experimentation and evaluation ✨
2.1. Object Definitions 🍓
managed objects are accessed via a virtual information store, which is called the Management Information Base or MIB 🫧 Objects in the MIB are defined using the subset of Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1) that's defined in the SMI. Each object type is named by an OBJECT IDENTIFIER, which is an administratively assigned name. The object type together with an object instance serves to uniquely identify a specific instantiation of the object 💜 For human convenience, we often use a textual string, called the descriptor, to refer to the object type 🙈
3. Message Flow Model 🌈
before a MIB can be described, a general model of message flow inside an MTA has to be presented. Generally speaking, message flow happens in four steps:
(1) Messages are received by the MTA from User Agents, Message Stores, other MTAs, and gateways.
(2) The "next hop" for each message is determined. This is simply the destination the message is to be transmitted to; it may or may not be the final destination of the message. Multiple "next hops" may exist for a single message (as a result of either having multiple recipients or distribution list expansion); this may make it necessary to duplicate messages 🔥
(3) Messages are converted into the format that's appropriate for the next hop.
(4) Messages are transmitted to the appropriate destination, which may be a User Agent, Message Store, another MTA, or gateway 👑
storage of messages in the MTA happens at some point during this process. However, it's important to note that storage may occur at different, and possibly even multiple, points during this process 🧠 For example, some MTAs expand messages into multiple copies as they are received. In this case (1), (2), and (3) may all occur prior to storage. Other MTAs store messages precisely as they are received and perform all expansions and conversions during retransmission processing. So here only (1) occurs prior to storage. This leads to situations where, in general, a measurement of messages received may not equal a measurement of messages in store, or a measurement of messages stored may not equal a measurement of messages retransmitted, or both 😭
4. MTA Objects 🎀
if there are one or more MTAs on the host, the following mta group may be used to monitor them. Any number of the MTAs on a host may be monitored 🫶 Each MTA is dealt with as a separate application and has its own applTable entry in the Network Services Monitoring MIB ✨
the MIB described in this document covers only the portion that's specific to monitoring MTAs. The network service related part of the MIB is covered in a separate document [5] 💅
5. Definitions 💖
here's the actual MIB module, the iconic part 👑
MTA-MIB DEFINITIONS ::= BEGIN
IMPORTS
OBJECT-TYPE, Counter32, Gauge32
FROM SNMPv2-SMI
DisplayString, TimeInterval
FROM SNMPv2-TC
mib-2
FROM RFC1213-MIB
applIndex
FROM APPLICATION-MIB;
mta MODULE-IDENTITY
LAST-UPDATED "9311280000Z"
ORGANIZATION "IETF Mail and Directory Management Working Group"
CONTACT-INFO
" Ned Freed
Postal: Innosoft International, Inc.
250 West First Street, Suite 240
Claremont, CA 91711
US
Tel: +1 909 624 7907
Fax: +1 909 621 5319
E-Mail: ned@innosoft.com"
DESCRIPTION
"The MIB module describing Message Transfer Agents (MTAs)"
::= { mib-2 28 }
mtaTable OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX SEQUENCE OF MtaEntry
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The table holding information specific to an MTA."
::= {mta 1}
mtaEntry OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX MtaEntry
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The entry associated with each MTA."
INDEX {applIndex}
::= {mtaTable 1}
MtaEntry ::= SEQUENCE {
mtaReceivedMessages
Counter32,
mtaStoredMessages
Gauge32,
mtaTransmittedMessages
Counter32,
mtaReceivedVolume
Counter32,
mtaStoredVolume
Gauge32,
mtaTransmittedVolume
Counter32,
mtaReceivedRecipients
Counter32,
mtaStoredRecipients
Gauge32,
mtaTransmittedRecipients
Counter32
}
mtaReceivedMessages OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Counter32
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The number of messages received since MTA initialization."
::= {mtaEntry 1}
mtaStoredMessages OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Gauge32
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The total number of messages currently stored in the MTA."
::= {mtaEntry 2}
mtaTransmittedMessages OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Counter32
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The number of messages transmitted since MTA initialization."
::= {mtaEntry 3}
mtaReceivedVolume OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Counter32
UNITS "K-octets"
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The total volume of messages received since MTA
initialization, measured in kilo-octets. This volume should
include all transferred data that is logically above the mail
transport protocol level. For example, an SMTP-based MTA should
use the number of kilo-octets in the message header
and body, while an X.400-based MTA should use the number of
kilo-octets of P2 data."
::= {mtaEntry 4}
mtaStoredVolume OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Gauge32
UNITS "K-octets"
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The total volume of messages currently stored in the MTA,
measured in kilo-octets. This volume should include all
stored data that is logically above the mail transport
protocol level. For example, an SMTP-based MTA should
use the number of kilo-octets in the message header and
body, while an X.400-based MTA would use the number of
kilo-octets of P2 data."
::= {mtaEntry 5}
mtaTransmittedVolume OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Counter32
UNITS "K-octets"
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The total volume of messages transmitted since MTA
initialization, measured in kilo-octets. This volume should
include all transferred data that is logically above the mail
transport protocol level. For example, an SMTP-based MTA
should use the number of kilo-octets in the message header
and body, while an X.400-based MTA should use the number of
kilo-octets of P2 data."
::= {mtaEntry 6}okay so this is where the group table gets SO good 💅✨ every counter, gauge and time value for each group lives right here, bestie 🎀
-- Groups are not necessarily mutually exclusive. A given event may
-- be recorded by more than one group, a message may be seen as
-- stored by more than one group, and so on. Groups should be all
-- inclusive, however: if groups are implemented all aspects of an
-- MTA's operation should be registered in at least one group. This
-- freedom lets implementors use different sets of groups to
-- provide differents "views" of an MTA.
-- The possibility of overlap between groups means that summing
-- variables across groups may not produce values equal to those in
-- the mtaTable. mtaTable should always provide accurate information
-- about the MTA as a whole.
-- The term "channel" is often used in MTA implementations; channels
-- are usually, but not always, equivalent to a group. However,
-- this MIB does not use the term "channel" because there is no
-- requirement that an MTA supporting this MIB has to map its
-- "channel" abstraction one-to-one onto the MIB's group abstration.
mtaGroupTable OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX SEQUENCE OF MtaGroupEntry
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The table holding information specific to each MTA group."
::= {mta 2}
mtaGroupEntry OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX MtaGroupEntry
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The entry associated with each MTA group."
INDEX {applIndex, mtaGroupIndex}
::= {mtaGroupTable 1}
MtaGroupEntry ::= SEQUENCE {
mtaGroupIndex
INTEGER,
mtaGroupReceivedMessages
Counter32,
mtaGroupRejectedMessages
Counter32,
mtaGroupStoredMessages
Gauge32,
mtaGroupTransmittedMessages
Counter32,
mtaGroupReceivedVolume
Counter32,
mtaGroupStoredVolume
Gauge32,
mtaGroupTransmittedVolume
Counter32,
mtaGroupReceivedRecipients
Counter32,
mtaGroupStoredRecipients
Gauge32,
mtaGroupTransmittedRecipients
Counter32,
mtaGroupOldestMessageStored
TimeInterval,
mtaGroupInboundAssociations
Gauge32,
mtaGroupOutboundAssociations
Gauge32,
mtaGroupAccumulatedInboundAssociations
Counter32,
mtaGroupAccumulatedOutboundAssociations
Counter32,
mtaGroupLastInboundActivity
TimeInterval,
mtaGroupLastOutboundActivity
TimeInterval,
mtaGroupRejectedInboundAssociations
Counter32,
mtaGroupFailedOutboundAssociations
Counter32,
mtaGroupInboundRejectionReason
DisplayString,
mtaGroupOutboundConnectFailureReason
DisplayString,
mtaGroupScheduledRetry
TimeInterval,
mtaGroupMailProtocol
OBJECT IDENTIFIER,
mtaGroupName
DisplayString
}the index objects are next, and they're giving very "one row per group" energy 🧚
mtaGroupIndex OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX INTEGER (1..2147483647)
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The index associated with a group for a given MTA."
::= {mtaGroupEntry 1}
mtaGroupReceivedMessages OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Counter32
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The number of messages received to this group since MTA
initialization."
::= {mtaGroupEntry 2}
mtaGroupRejectedMessages OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Counter32
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The number of messages rejected by this group since MTA
initialization."
::= {mtaGroupEntry 3}
mtaGroupStoredMessages OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Gauge32
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The total number of messages currently stored in this
group's queue."
::= {mtaGroupEntry 4}
mtaGroupTransmittedMessages OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Counter32
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The number of messages transmitted by this group since MTA
initialization."
::= {mtaGroupEntry 5}
mtaGroupReceivedVolume OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Counter32
UNITS "K-octets"
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The total volume of messages received to this group since
MTA initialization, measured in kilo-octets. This volume
should include all transferred data that is logically above
the mail transport protocol level. For example, an
SMTP-based MTA should use the number of kilo-octets in the
message header and body, while an X.400-based MTA should use
the number of kilo-octets of P2 data."
::= {mtaGroupEntry 6}
mtaGroupStoredVolume OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Gauge32
UNITS "K-octets"
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The total volume of messages currently stored in this
group's queue, measured in kilo-octets. This volume should
include all stored data that is logically above the mail
transport protocol level. For example, an SMTP-based
MTA should use the number of kilo-octets in the message
header and body, while an X.400-based MTA would use the
number of kilo-octets of P2 data."
::= {mtaGroupEntry 7}
mtaGroupTransmittedVolume OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Counter32
UNITS "K-octets"
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The total volume of messages transmitted by this group
since MTA initialization, measured in kilo-octets. This
volume should include all transferred data that is logically
above the mail transport protocol level. For example, an
SMTP-based MTA should use the number of kilo-octets in the
message header and body, while an X.400-based MTA should use
the number of kilo-octets of P2 data."
::= {mtaGroupEntry 8}
mtaGroupReceivedRecipients OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Counter32
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The total number of recipients specified in all messages
received to this group since MTA initialization.
Recipients this MTA had no responsibility for should not
be counted."
::= {mtaGroupEntry 9}
mtaGroupStoredRecipients OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Gauge32
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The total number of recipients specified in all messages
currently stored in this group's queue. Recipients this
MTA had no responsibility for should not be counted."
::= {mtaGroupEntry 10}
mtaGroupTransmittedRecipients OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Counter32
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The total number of recipients specified in all messages
transmitted by this group since MTA initialization.
Recipients this MTA had no responsibility for should not
be counted."
::= {mtaGroupEntry 11}
mtaGroupOldestMessageStored OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX TimeInterval
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"Time since the oldest message in this group's queue was
placed in the queue."
::= {mtaGroupEntry 12}
mtaGroupInboundAssociations OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Gauge32
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The number of current associations to the group, where the
group is the responder."
::= {mtaGroupEntry 13}
mtaGroupOutboundAssociations OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Gauge32
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The number of current associations to the group, where the
group is the initiator."
::= {mtaGroupEntry 14}
mtaGroupAccumulatedInboundAssociations OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Counter32
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The total number of associations to the group since MTA
initialization, where the group is the responder."
::= {mtaGroupEntry 15}
mtaGroupAccumulatedOutboundAssociations OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Counter32
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The total number of associations from the group since MTA
initialization, where the group was the initiator."
::= {mtaGroupEntry 16}
mtaGroupLastInboundActivity OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX TimeInterval
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"Time since the last time that this group had an active
inbound association for purposes of message reception."
::= {mtaGroupEntry 17}
mtaGroupLastOutboundActivity OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX TimeInterval
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"Time since the last time that this group had an
outbound association for purposes of message delivery."
::= {mtaGroupEntry 18}
mtaGroupRejectedInboundAssociations OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Counter32
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The total number of inbound associations the group has
rejected, since MTA initialization."
::= {mtaGroupEntry 19}
mtaGroupFailedOutboundAssociations OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Counter32
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The total number associations where the group was the
initiator and association establishment has failed,
since MTA initialization."
::= {mtaGroupEntry 20}
mtaGroupInboundRejectionReason OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX DisplayString
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The failure reason, if any, for the last association this
group refused to respond to. An empty string indicates that
the last attempt was successful. If no association attempt
has been made since the MTA was initializaed the value
should be 'never'."
::= {mtaGroupEntry 21}
mtaGroupOutboundConnectFailureReason OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX DisplayString
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The failure reason, if any, for the last association attempt
this group initiated. An empty string indicates that the last
attempt was successful. If no association attempt has been
made since the MTA was initialized the value should be
'never'."
::= {mtaGroupEntry 22}
mtaGroupScheduledRetry OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX TimeInterval
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The time when this group is scheduled to next attempt to
make an association."
::= {mtaGroupEntry 23}
mtaGroupMailProtocol OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX OBJECT IDENTIFIER
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"An identification of the protocol being used by this group.
For an group employing OSI protocols, this will be the
Application Context. For Internet applications, the IANA
maintains a registry of the OIDs which correspond to well-known
message transfer protocols. If the application protocol is
not listed in the registry, an OID value of the form
{applTCPProtoID port} or {applUDProtoID port} are used for
TCP-based and UDP-based protocols, respectively. In either
case 'port' corresponds to the primary port number being
used by the group. applTCPProtoID and applUDPProtoID are
defined in [5]."
::= {mtaGroupEntry 24} mtaGroupName OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX DisplayString
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"A descriptive name for the group. If this group connects to
a single remote MTA this should be the name of that MTA. If
this in turn is an Internet MTA this should be the domain name.
For an OSI MTA it should be the string encoded distinguished
name of the managed object using the format defined in RFC-1485.
For X.400(1984) MTAs which do not have a Distinguished Name,
the RFC-1327 syntax 'mta in globalid' should be used."
::= {mtaGroupEntry 25}
mtaGroupAssociationTable OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX SEQUENCE OF MtaGroupAssociationEntry
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The table holding information regarding the associations
for each MTA group."
::= {mta 3}
mtaGroupAssociationEntry OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX MtaGroupAssociationEntry
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The entry holding information regarding the associations
for each MTA group."
INDEX {applIndex, mtaGroupIndex, mtaGroupAssociationIndex}
::= {mtaGroupAssociationTable 1}
MtaGroupAssociationEntry ::= SEQUENCE {
mtaGroupAssociationIndex
INTEGER
}
mtaGroupAssociationIndex OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX INTEGER (1..2147483647)
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"Reference into association table to allow correlation of
this group's active associations with the association table."
::= {mtaGroupAssociationEntry 1}
-- Conformance information
mtaConformance OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {mta 4}
mtaGroups OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {mtaConformance 1}
mtaCompliances OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {mtaConformance 2}
-- Compliance statements
mtaCompliance MODULE-COMPLIANCE
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The compliance statement for SNMPv2 entities which
implement the Mail Monitoring MIB for basic
monitoring of MTAs."
MODULE -- this module
MANDATORY-GROUPS {mtaGroup}
::= {mtaCompliances 1}
mtaAssocCompliance MODULE-COMPLIANCE
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The compliance statement for SNMPv2 entities which
implement the Mail Monitoring MIB for monitoring of
MTAs and their associations."
MODULE -- this module
MANDATORY-GROUPS {mtaGroup, mtaAssocGroup}
::= {mtaCompliances 2}
-- Units of conformance
mtaGroup OBJECT-GROUP
OBJECTS {
mtaReceivedMessages, mtaStoredMessages,
mtaTransmittedMessages, mtaReceivedVolume, mtaStoredVolume,
mtaTransmittedVolume, mtaReceivedRecipients,
mtaStoredRecipients, mtaTransmittedRecipients,
mtaGroupReceivedMessages, mtaGroupRejectedMessages,
mtaGroupStoredMessages, mtaGroupTransmittedMessages,
mtaGroupReceivedVolume, mtaGroupStoredVolume,
mtaGroupTransmittedVolume, mtaGroupReceivedRecipients,
mtaGroupStoredRecipients, mtaGroupTransmittedRecipients,
mtaGroupOldestMessageStored, mtaGroupInboundAssociations,
mtaGroupOutboundAssociations,
mtaGroupAccumulatedInboundAssociations,
mtaGroupAccumulatedOutboundAssociations,
mtaGroupLastInboundActivity, mtaGroupLastOutboundActivity,
mtaGroupRejectedInboundAssociations,
mtaGroupFailedOutboundAssociations,
mtaGroupInboundRejectionReason,
mtaGroupOutboundConnectFailureReason,
mtaGroupScheduledRetry, mtaGroupMailProtocol, mtaGroupName}
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"A collection of objects providing basic monitoring of MTAs."
::= {mtaGroups 1}
mtaAssocGroup OBJECT-GROUP
OBJECTS {
mtaGroupAssociationIndex}
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"A collection of objects providing monitoring of MTA
associations."
::= {mtaGroups 2}
END6. Acknowledgements ✨
okay so this one's a shoutout moment 🫶 This doc is a product of the Mail and Directory Management (MADMAN) Working Group 💌. It's based on an earlier MIB designed by S. Kille, T. Lenggenhager, D. Partain, and W. Yeong 🙌. Iconic team, no notes 👑.
7. References ✨
- [1] Case, J., McCloghrie, K., Rose, M., and S. Waldbusser, "Structure of Management Information for version 2 of the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMPv2)", RFC 1442, SNMP Research, Inc., Hughes LAN Systems, Dover Beach Consulting, Inc., Carnegie Mellon University, April 1993. 📚
- [2] McCloghrie, K., and M. Rose, Editors, "Management Information Base for Network Management of TCP/IP-based internets: MIB-II", STD 17, RFC 1213, Hughes LAN Systems, Performance Systems International, March 1991. 🧠
- [3] Galvin, J., and K. McCloghrie, K., "Administrative Model for version 2 of the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMPv2)", RFC 1445, Trusted Information Systems, Hughes LAN Systems, April 1993. 🎀
- [4] Case, J., McCloghrie, K., Rose, M., and S. Waldbusser, "Protocol Operations for version 2 of the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMPv2)", RFC 1448, SNMP Research, Inc., Hughes LAN Systems, Dover Beach Consulting, Inc., Carnegie Mellon University, April 1993. 💜
- [5] Kille, S., WG Chair, and N. Freed, Editor, "The Network Services Monitoring MIB", RFC 1565, ISODE Consortium, Innosoft, January 1994. 🦋
8. Security Considerations ✨
Security issues are not discussed in this memo. 🔒 No drama here, bestie 💅.
9. Authors' Addresses ✨
okay the people behind this 🫶
Steve Kille, WG Chair
ISODE Consortium
The Dome, The Square
Richmond TW9 1DT
UK
Phone: +44 81 332 9091
EMail: S.Kille@isode.com
Ned Freed, Editor
Innosoft International, Inc.
250 West First Street, Suite 240
Claremont, CA 91711
USA
Phone: +1 909 624 7907
Fax: +1 909 621 5319
EMail: ned@innosoft.com📦 where this page comes from
- ietf: rfc1566 1994-01
- 💖 girlified by claude-haiku-5-5 on : a language model's rewrite of the original, under its terms