Test::Modern(3)

🌸 NAME 🌸

okay bestie, this is Test::Modern(3) — precision testing for modern perl 💅✨. That's the whole vibe: modern testing, but make it cute and make it strict.

✨ SYNOPSIS ✨

use Test::Modern;

# Your tests here

done_testing;

💖 DESCRIPTION 💖

Test::Modern is the group-chat bestie who brings the best features of Test::More, Test::Fatal, Test::Warnings, Test::API, Test::LongString, and Test::Deep, plus ideas from Test::Requires, Test::DescribeMe, Test::Moose, and Test::CleanNamespaces. ✨

It also automatically imposes strict and warnings on your script, and loads IO::File. (Much of the same stuff Modern::Perl does.) 🫶

And yes, even though Test::Modern is a modern testing framework, it should run fine on pre-modern versions of Perl. It should be easy to install on Perl 5.8.9 and above; and if you can persuade its dependencies to install (not necessarily easy!), should be OK on anything back to Perl 5.6.1. 😭👑

🧁 Features from Test::More 🧁

Test::Modern exports the following subs from Test::More — collect them all, bestie:

• ok($truth, $description)
• is($got, $expected, $description)
• isnt($got, $unexpected, $description)
• like($got, $regexp, $description)
• unlike($got, $regexp, $description)
• is_deeply($got, $expected, $description)
• cmp_ok($got, $operator, $expected, $description)
• new_ok($class, \@args, $name)
• isa_ok($object|$subclass, $class, $name)
• can_ok($object|$class, @methods)
• pass($description)
• fail($description)
• subtest($description, sub { ... })
• diag(@messages)
• note(@messages)
• explain(@messages)
• skip($why, $count) if $reason
• todo_skip($why, $count) if $reason
• $TODO
• plan(%plan)
• done_testing
• BAIL_OUT($reason)

The use_ok, require_ok, eq_array, eq_hash, and eq_set functions are also available, but not exported by default. 🙈 For use_ok and require_ok it's normally better to use the Perl built-ins use and require which will die (failing your test) if things are not OK. For the eq_* functions, they can usually be replaced by is_deeply. 💡

💀 Features from Test::Fatal 💀

Test::Modern exports the following subs from Test::Fatal:

• exception { BLOCK } — that's the one, and it's iconic. 🖤

🌈 Features from Test::Warnings 🌈

Test::Modern exports the following subs from Test::Warnings:

• warning { BLOCK }
• warnings { BLOCK }

In addition, Test::Modern always enables the had_no_warnings test at the end of the file, ensuring that your test script generated no warnings other than the expected ones which were caught by warnings blocks. (See also PERL_TEST_MODERN_ALLOW_WARNINGS in ENVIRONMENT.) 🎀

Test::Modern can also export an additional function for testing warnings, but does not export it by default:

• shouldnt_warn { BLOCK } — Runs a block of code that will hopefully not warn, but might. Tests that it doesn't warn, but performs that test as a todo test, so if it fails, your test suite can still pass. 🫶

🦋 Features from Test::API 🦋

Test::Modern exports the following subs from Test::API:

• public_ok($package, @functions)
• import_ok($package, export => \@functions, export_ok => \@functions)
• class_api_ok($class, @methods)

🍓 Features from Test::LongString 🍓

Test::Modern exports the following subs from Test::LongString:

• is_string($got, $expected, $description)
• is_string_nows($got, $expected, $description)
• like_string($got, $regexp, $description)
• unlike_string($got, $regexp, $description)
• contains_string($haystack, $needle, $description)
• lacks_string($haystack, $needle, $description)

Actually Test::Modern provides these via a wrapper. If Test::LongString is not installed then Test::Modern will provide a fallback implementation using Test::More's is, isnt, like, and unlike functions. (The diagnostics won't be as good in the case of failures.) 😭

🧚 Features from Test::Deep 🧚

Test::Modern exports the following subs from Test::Deep:

• cmp_deeply($got, $expected, $description)

The following are not exported by default, but can be exported upon request:

• ignore()
• methods(%hash)
• listmethods(%hash)
• shallow($thing)
• noclass($thing)
• useclass($thing)
• re($regexp, $capture_data, $flags)
• superhashof(\%hash)
• subhashof(\%hash)
• bag(@elements)
• set(@elements)
• superbagof(@elements)
• subbagof(@elements)
• supersetof(@elements)
• subsetof(@elements)
• all(@expecteds)
• any(@expecteds)
• obj_isa($class)
• array_each($thing)
• str($string)
• num($number, $tolerance)
• bool($value)
• code(\&subref)

As an alternative to using those functions, Test::Modern exports a constant TD upon which you can call them as methods:

# like Test::Deep::bag(@elements)
TD->bag(@elements)

👑 Features from Test::Pod and Test::Pod::Coverage 👑

These features are currently considered experimental. They may be removed from a future version of Test::Modern. ⚠️

Test::Modern can export the following subs from Test::Pod and Test::Pod::Coverage, though they are not exported by default:

• pod_file_ok($file, $description)
• all_pod_files_ok(@dirs)
• pod_coverage_ok($module, $params, $description)
• all_pod_coverage_ok($params, $description)

In fact, Test::Modern wraps these tests in checks to see whether Test::Pod(::Coverage) is installed, and the state of the RELEASE_TESTING, AUTHOR_TESTING, and EXTENDED_TESTING environment variables. If none of those environment variables is set to true, then the test is skipped altogether. If Test::Pod(::Coverage) is not installed, then the test is skipped, unless RELEASE_TESTING is true, in which case Test::Pod(::Coverage) must be installed. 🔥

This is usually a pretty sensible behaviour. You want authors to be made aware of pod errors if possible. You want to make sure they are tested before doing a release. End users probably don't want a pod formatting error to prevent them from installing the software, unless they opt into it using EXTENDED_TESTING. 💖

Also, Test::Modern wraps the all_* functions to run them in a subtest (because otherwise they can interfere with your test plans). 🎀

💜 Features from Test::Version 💜

These features are currently considered experimental. They may be removed from a future version of Test::Modern. ⚠️

Test::Modern can export the following subs from Test::Version, though they are not exported by default:

• version_ok($file, $description)
• version_all_ok(@dirs)

These are wrapped similarly to those described in the Features from Test::Pod and Test::Coverage. 🌈

Test::Modern can also export another sub based on version_all_ok:

• version_all_same(@dirs) — Acts like version_all_ok but also checks that all modules have the same version number. 👑

🌸 Features inspired by Test::Moose 🌸

Test::Modern does not use Test::Moose, but does provide the following function inspired by it:

• does_ok($object|$subclass, $class, $name) — Like isa_ok, but calls $obj->DOES instead of $obj->isa. 💅

🎀 Features inspired by Test::CleanNamespaces 🎀

Test::Modern does not use Test::CleanNamespaces, but does provide the following function inspired by it:

• namespaces_clean(@namespaces) — Tests that namespaces don't contain any imported functions. (i.e. you haven't forgotten to use namespace::autoclean or namespace::sweep in a class). Unlike the version of this function supplied with Test::CleanNamespaces, if @namespaces contains more than one namespace, these will be run in a subtest, so the whole thing will only count as one test. 🧼🫶

🔥 Features inspired by Test::Benchmark 🔥

Test::Modern does not use Test::Benchmark, but does provide the following feature inspired by it:

• is_fastest($implementation, $times, \%implementations, $desc)

use Test::Modern qw( is_fastest );

is_fastest("speedy", -1, {
   "speedy"     => sub { ... },
   "slowcoach"  => sub { ... },
});

This ensures that the named coderef runs the fastest out of a hashref of alternatives. The -1 parameter in the example is the number of times to run the coderefs (see Benchmark for more details, including how numbers less than zero are interpreted). ⏱️

Caveat: on fast computers, a set of coderefs that you might expect to differ in speed might all run in a negligible period of time, and thus be rounded to zero, in which case your test case could randomly fail. Use this test with caution! 💀

Caveat the second: these tests tend to be slow. Use sparingly. 🐌

Because of the aforementioned caveats, it is a good idea to move your benchmarking tests into separate test scripts, keeping an imaginary wall between them and the bulk of your test suite (which tests correctness rather than speed). 🧱

Test::Modern provides an import hint suitable for including at the top of these benchmarking tests to mark them as being primarily concerned with speed:

use Test::Modern -benchmark;

This will not only import the is_fastest function, but will also skip the entire script unless one of the EXTENDED_TESTING or RELEASE_TESTING environment variables is set. ✨

🌟 Features inspired by Test::Requires 🌟

Test::Modern does not use Test::Requires, but does provide the following feature inspired by it:

use Test::Modern -requires => \%requirements — This will skip the entire test script if the requirements are not met. For example:

use Test::Modern -requires => {
   'perl'                 => '5.010',
   'Moose'                => '2.11',
   'namespace::autoclean' => undef,
};

🌐 Features inspired by Test::RequiresInternet 🌐

Similarly you can skip the test script if an Internet connection is not available:

use Test::Modern -internet;

You can check for the ability to connect to particular hosts and ports:

use Test::Modern -internet => [
   'www.example.com'  => 'http',
   '8.8.8.8'          => 53,
];

Test::Modern does not use Test::RequiresInternet but I've stolen much of the latter's implementation. 😅

🙈 Features inspired by Test::Without::Module 🙈

Test::Modern does not use Test::Without::Module, but does provide the following feature inspired by it:

use Test::Modern -without => \@modules — This will run the tests as if the module was not installed. Useful for testing things in the absence of optional dependencies. For example:

use Test::Modern -without => [ "Class::XSAccessor" ];

It cannot suppress modules from being loaded if they are required by Test::Modern itself. To get a list of what modules Test::Modern requires, run the following command:

perl -MTest::Modern -le'print for sort keys %INC'

(Note that the actual implementation is mostly stolen from Devel::Hide which seems to behave better than Test::Without::Module.) 🫶

💅 Features inspired by Test::DescribeMe 💅

These export tags let you classify tests as author tests, release tests, extended tests, or interactive tests. They’ll cause your test script to be skipped depending on various environment variables.

So you can literally slap one of these on your script:

use Test::Modern -author
use Test::Modern -release
use Test::Modern -extended
use Test::Modern -interactive

🦋 Features inspired by Test::Lib 🦋

These features are currently considered experimental. They may be removed from a future version of Test::Modern.

Test::Modern tries to find a directory called t/lib by traversing up the directory tree from the caller file. If found, this directory will be added to @INC.

Test::Lib would croak if such a directory cannot be found. Test::Modern carries on if it can’t find it. If you want something more like the Test::Lib behaviour, use the -lib import tag:

use Test::Modern -lib;

🎀 Brand Spanking New Features 🎀

Test::Modern provides a shortcut which combines several features it has pilfered from other testing modules:

✨ object_ok($object, $name, %tests) ✨

Runs a gamut of subtests on an object:

object_ok(
   $object,
   $name,
   isa   => \@classes,
   does  => \@roles,
   can   => \@methods,
   api   => \@methods,
   clean => $boolean,
   more  => sub {
      my $object = shift;
      ...;
   }
);

$object may be a blessed object, or an unblessed coderef which returns a blessed object. The isa test runs isa_ok; the does test runs does_ok, the can test runs can_ok, and the api test runs class_api_ok. clean allows you to run namespaces_clean on the object's class.

more introduces a coderef for running more tests. Within this sub you can use any of the standard Test::More, Test::LongString, etc tests. It is automatically run in a try block (see Try::Tiny); throwing an exception will cause the test to fail, but not cause the script to end.

Any of the test hash keys may be omitted, in which case that test will not be run. $name may be omitted.

If the test succeeds, it returns the object (which may be useful for further tests). Otherwise, returns undef.

Practical example:

my $bob = object_ok(
   sub { Employee->new(name => 'Robert Jones') },
   '$bob',
   isa   => [qw( Employee Person Moo::Object )],
   does  => [qw( Employable )],
   can   => [qw( name employee_number tax_code )],
   clean => 1,
   more  => sub {
      my $object = shift;
      is($object->name, "Robert Jones");
      like($object->employee_number, qr/^[0-9]+$/);
   },
);

# make further use of $bob
object_ok(
   sub { $bob->line_manager },
   isa   => [qw( Person )],
);

---

🌈 EXPORT 🌈

This module uses Exporter::Tiny to perform its exports. This allows exported subs to be renamed, etc.

The following export tags are supported:

• -more — Exports the Features from Test::More, except deprecated ones.
• -deprecated — Exports the deprecated Test::More features.
• -fatal — Exports the Features from Test::Fatal.
• -warnings — Exports the Features from Test::Warnings.
• -api — Exports the Features from Test::API, including class_api_ok.
• -strings — Exports the Features from Test::LongString.
• -deep — Exports cmp_deeply and TD.
• -deeper — Exports all the Features from Test::Deep.
• -moose — Exports the Features inspired by Test::Moose.
• -clean — Exports the Features inspired by Test::CleanNamespaces.
• -pod — Exports the Features from Test::Pod and Test::Pod::Coverage.
• -versions — Exports the Features from Test::Version.
• -default — Exports the default features — all of the above except -deprecated, -pod, -versions, and -deeper. Also exports object_ok.
• -all — Exports all of the above features including -deprecated, -pod, -versions, -deeper, object_ok, and shouldnt_warn.
• -author, -extended, -interactive, and -release — Classify the test script.
• -benchmark — The test script consists mostly of benchmarking.
• -internet — The test script requires Internet access.
• -requires, -without — Specify modules required or hidden for these test cases.
• -lib — Makes the absence of a t/lib directory fatal. See Features inspired by Test::Lib.
• -verbose — Makes test output more verbose. (Currently only is_faster takes notice of this.)

$TODO is currently always exported.

---

🌸 ENVIRONMENT 🌸

Test::Modern is affected by the following environment variables:

• AUTHOR_TESTING, AUTOMATED_TESTING, EXTENDED_TESTING, RELEASE_TESTING — These variables affect the behaviour of Test::Modern's pod-checking and version-checking. See Features from Test::Pod and Test::Coverage and Features from Test::Version. They also can trigger certain import tags to skip a test script. See Features inspired by Test::DescribeMe, and Features inspired by Test::Benchmark.
• NO_NETWORK_TESTS — Automatically skips any tests which indicate that they require Internet access, without even checking to see if the Internet is accessible. See Features inspired by Test::RequiresInternet.
• PERL_TEST_MODERN_ALLOW_WARNINGS — Setting this to true allows you to disable Test::Warnings' end test. Normally the end test will cause a test script to fail if any unexpected warnings are encountered during its execution. New versions of Perl, and upgrades of dependencies can cause a previously good test suite to start emitting warnings. This environment variable can be used as a “quick fix” to get the test suite passing again.

---

💀 BUGS 💀

Please report any bugs to http://rt.cpan.org/Dist/Display.html?Queue=Test-Modern.

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🧚 SEE ALSO 🧚

My Favourite Test::* Modules — http://blogs.perl.org/users/toby_inkster/2014/02/my-favourite-test-modules.html

Precision Testing for Modern Perl — http://blogs.perl.org/users/toby_inkster/2014/03/precision-testing-for-modern-perl.html

Test::More, Test::Fatal, Test::Warnings, Test::API, Test::LongString, Test::Deep, Test::Moose, Test::CleanNamespaces, Test::Requires, Test::Without::Module, Test::RequiresInternet, Test::DescribeMe, Test::Lib, Test::Pod, Test::Pod::Coverage, Test::Version.

Test::Most is a similar idea, but provides a slightly different combination of features.

---

👑 AUTHOR 👑

Toby Inkster <tobyink@cpan.org>.

---

💖 COPYRIGHT AND LICENCE 💖

This software is copyright (c) 2014 by Toby Inkster.

This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as the Perl 5 programming language system itself.

---

🫶 DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTIES 🫶

THIS PACKAGE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

okay that’s the whole page, bestie 💖 this was Test::Modern(3) from perl v5.42.0, dated 2020-05-10 — go forth and test slayfully 💅