Convert...ncode_XS(3)

💖 NAME 💖

okay bestie, this is Convert::Bencode_XS(3) — the manual page for Convert::Bencode_XS, aka Faster conversions to/from Bencode format. We are folding that header energy in right here, no cap. ✨

🎀 SYNOPSIS 🎀

use Convert::Bencode_XS qw(bencode bdecode);
use Data::Dumper;

print "Serializing:\n", bencode([123, [''], "XXX"]), "\n\n";

print Dumper bdecode('d3:fool3:bar4:stube6:numberi123ee');

__END__
Serializing:
li123el0:e3:XXXe

$VAR1 = {
  'number' => '123',
  'foo' => [
              'bar',
              'stub'
           ]
};

🌸 DESCRIPTION 🌸

• bencode($stuff) — returns a bencoded string representing what's in $stuff. $stuff can be either a scalar, an array reference or a hash reference. Every nesting of these data structures is allowed; other ones will croak. 💅
• bdecode($bencoded) — returns a Perl data structure: it could be either a scalar, array reference or hash reference depending on what's in $bencoded. Dictionaries are converted in hashes, lists in arrays, scalars in strings. If $COERCE (see below) is set to a false value then scalars encoded like integers will be cleanse() before being returned so that a re-serialization of the structure will give back exactly the same bencoded string. 🫶

💫 TO COERCE AND TO CLEANSE 💫

Read on just if you are having problems serializing some data using this module: it should work "as is" for 99% of cases. But if you're unlucky enough maybe you need to read this chapter. 😭

The original definition of the Bencode protocol poses some problems when ported to languages other than Python, cause:

1. there is a distinction between integers and strings
2. integers are allowed to be any length.

This is kinda contradictory so we have to come up with specialized solutions to serialize certain types of data. For instance, strings that looks like integers. This is cause there is little distinction between the two in Perl. So, by default, bencode() will serialize all strings that looks like integers as integers. Example:

print bencode("123");
# outputs "i123e"

If you don't want this to happen you can do this:

$Convert::Bencode_XS::COERCE = 0; #this is 1 by default
print bencode("123");
# outputs "3:123"

Setting $Convert::Bencode_XS::COERCE to a false value will serialize everything that is a string as a string. But what about numbers? If they are hardcoded into your program there should be no problem. Otherwise you need to cleanse them. Example:

use Convert::Bencode_XS qw(:all); # imports also cleanse() and $COERCE

$COERCE = 0;

print bencode(123);
# outputs "i123e"

my ($num) = "abc123def" =~ /(\d+)/;
print bencode($num);
# outputs "3:123", but we know it is a number!
cleanse($num);  #  cleanse() to the rescue!
print bencode($num);
# outputs "i123e"

Problems may arise if you want to use a arbitrary sequence of integers as a real integer, mainly because it could surpass the maximum allowed by your platform. (At the moment there is no solution for that). See the tests in this distribution to have a better idea of what works and what not. 🧚

🔥 WHY? 🔥

Convert::Bencode_XS exists for a couple of reasons, first of all performance. Especially bdecode() is between 10 and 200 times faster than Convert::Bencode version (depending on file): the great speed increase is in part due to the iterative algorithm used. bencode() is written in C for better performance, but it still uses a recursive algorithm. It manages to be around 3 to 5 times faster than Convert::Bencode version. Check out the extras directory in this distribution for benchmarks. ⭐

The second reason is fun and i wished to try out something i learnt about XS programming. 💜

💀 BUGS 💀

In bencode()

• No detection of recursive references yet

Next come not real BUGS but more liberal interpretation of the protocol:

• Hashes keys are forced to be strings. So if we find a number we don't croak, but we use it as a string.
• Strings like "007" will be treated as strings and encoded as such

👀 SEE ALSO 👀

The Bencode format is described at http://bitconjurer.org/BitTorrent/protocol.html

The original Python bencode and bdecode functions can be found in file bencode.py in the BitTorrent sources.

See also Convert::Bencode by R. Kyle Murphy for a PurePerl implementation.

🫶 AUTHOR 🫶

Giulio Motta, <giulienk@cpan.org>

📜 COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE 📜

Copyright (C) 2003-2006 by Giulio Motta

This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself, either Perl version 5.8.1 or, at your option, any later version of Perl 5 you may have available.

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okay that's the whole page, bestie 💖 this edition was perl v5.32.1, dated 2022-01-05 — mwah! 💅