megaco_user(3erl)

📦
version 25.3.2.8 · 5 versions
, in ubuntu noble

okay so bestie, you're reading the Erlang module definition page for megaco_user(3erl) — the callback module for users of the Megaco application 💅✨

✨ NAME ✨

megaco_user — callback module for users of the Megaco application 💖

💖 DESCRIPTION 💖

This module defines the callback behaviour of Megaco users. A megaco_user-compliant callback module must export these functions:

  • handle_connect/2,3
  • handle_disconnect/3
  • handle_syntax_error/3,4
  • handle_message_error/3,4
  • handle_trans_request/3,4
  • handle_trans_long_request/3,4
  • handle_trans_reply/4,5
  • handle_trans_ack/4,5
  • handle_unexpected_trans/3,4
  • handle_trans_request_abort/4,5
  • handle_segment_reply/5,6

The semantics of them and their exact signatures are explained below 🫶

The user_args configuration parameter can extend the argument list of the callback functions. For example, the handle_connect function takes two arguments by default:

handle_connect(Handle, Version)

but if the user_args parameter is set to a longer list, such as [SomePid,SomeTableRef], the callback function is expected to have these (in this case two) extra arguments last in the argument list:

handle_connect(Handle, Version, SomePid, SomeTableRef)

📌 Note 🫶

Most of the functions below have an optional Extra argument (e.g. handle_unexpected_trans/4). Those functions get called if and only if one of the functions receive_message/5 or process_received_message/5 was called with the Extra argument different than ignore_extra 💀

🌈 DATA TYPES 🌈

action_request() = #'ActionRequest'{}
action_reply() = #'ActionReply'{}
error_desc() = #'ErrorDescriptor'{}
segment_no() = integer()
conn_handle() = #megaco_conn_handle{}

The record initially returned by megaco:connect/4,5. It identifies a "virtual" connection and may be reused after a reconnect (disconnect + connect) 🔁

protocol_version() = integer()

This is the actual protocol version. In most cases the protocol version is retrieved from the processed message, but there are exceptions:

  • When handle_connect/2,3 is triggered by an explicit call to megaco:connect/4,5.
  • handle_disconnect/3
  • handle_syntax_error/3

In these cases, the ProtocolVersion default version is obtained from the static connection configuration:

  • megaco:conn_info(ConnHandle, protocol_version).

👑 EXPORTS 👑

💖 handle_connect 💖

handle_connect(ConnHandle, ProtocolVersion) -> ok | error | {error,ErrorDescr}
handle_connect(ConnHandle, ProtocolVersion, Extra) -> ok | error | {error,ErrorDescr}

🧸 Types

  • ConnHandle = conn_handle()
  • ProtocolVersion = protocol_version()
  • ErrorDescr = error_desc()
  • Extra = term()

Invoked when a new connection is established ✨

Connections may either be established by an explicit call to megaco:connect/4 or implicitly at the first invocation of megaco:receive_message/3.

Normally a Media Gateway (MG) connects explicitly while a Media Gateway Controller (MGC) connects implicitly 👑

At the Media Gateway Controller (MGC) side it is possible to reject a connection request (and send a message error reply to the gateway) by returning {error, ErrorDescr} or simply error which generates an error descriptor with code 402 (unauthorized) and reason "Connection refused by user" (this is also the case for all unknown results, such as exit signals or throw) 😭

📌 See note above about the Extra argument in handle_message_error/4.

handle_connect/3 (with Extra) can also be called as a result of a call to the megaco:connect/5 function (if that function is called with the Extra argument different than ignore_extra).

🦋 handle_disconnect 🦋

handle_disconnect(ConnHandle, ProtocolVersion, Reason) -> ok

🧸 Types

  • ConnHandle = conn_handle()
  • ProtocolVersion = protocol_version()
  • Reason = term()

Invoked when a connection is torn down 💔

The disconnect may either be made explicitly by a call to megaco:disconnect/2 or implicitly when the control process of the connection dies.

🎀 handle_syntax_error 🎀

handle_syntax_error(ReceiveHandle, ProtocolVersion, DefaultED) -> reply | {reply, ED} | no_reply | {no_reply, ED}
handle_syntax_error(ReceiveHandle, ProtocolVersion, DefaultED, Extra) -> reply | {reply, ED} | no_reply | {no_reply, ED}

🧸 Types

  • ReceiveHandle = receive_handle()
  • ProtocolVersion = protocol_version()
  • DefaultED = error_desc()
  • ED = error_desc()
  • Extra = term()

Invoked when a received message had syntax errors 🙈

Incoming messages is delivered by megaco:receive_message/4 and normally decoded successfully. But if the decoding failed this function is called in order to decide if the originator should get a reply message (reply) or if the reply silently should be discarded (no_reply).

Syntax errors are detected locally on this side of the protocol and may have many causes, e.g. a malfunctioning transport layer, wrong encoder/decoder selected, bad configuration of the selected encoder/decoder etc. 💀

The error descriptor defaults to DefaultED, but can be overridden with an alternate one by returning {reply,ED} or {no_reply,ED} instead of reply and no_reply respectively.

Any other return values (including exit signals or throw) and the DefaultED will be used.

📌 See note above about the Extra argument in handle_syntax_error/4.

🌸 handle_message_error 🌸

handle_message_error(ConnHandle, ProtocolVersion, ErrorDescr) -> ok
handle_message_error(ConnHandle, ProtocolVersion, ErrorDescr, Extra) -> ok

🧸 Types

  • ConnHandle = conn_handle()
  • ProtocolVersion = protocol_version()
  • ErrorDescr = error_desc()
  • Extra = term()

Invoked when a received message just contains an error instead of a list of transactions.

Incoming messages is delivered by megaco:receive_message/4 and successfully decoded. Normally a message contains a list of transactions, but it may instead contain an ErrorDescriptor on top level of the message.

Message errors are detected remotely on the other side of the protocol. And you probably don't want to reply to it, but it may indicate that you have outstanding transactions that not will get any response (request -> reply; reply -> ack) 😭

📌 See note above about the Extra argument in handle_message_error/4.

🔥 handle_trans_request 🔥

handle_trans_request(ConnHandle, ProtocolVersion, ActionRequests) -> pending() | reply() | ignore_trans_request
handle_trans_request(ConnHandle, ProtocolVersion, ActionRequests, Extra) -> pending() | reply() | ignore_trans_request

🧸 Types

  • ConnHandle = conn_handle()
  • ProtocolVersion = protocol_version()
  • ActionRequests = [action_request()]
  • Extra = term()
  • pending() = {pending, req_data()}
  • req_data() = term()
  • reply() = {ack_action(), actual_reply()} | {ack_action(), actual_reply(), send_options()}
  • ack_action() = discard_ack | {handle_ack, ack_data()} | {handle_pending_ack, ack_data()} | {handle_sloppy_ack, ack_data()}
  • actual_reply() = [action_reply()] | error_desc()
  • ack_data() = term()
  • send_options() = [send_option()]
  • send_option() = {reply_timer, megaco_timer()} | {send_handle, term()} | {protocol_version, integer()}
  • Extra = term()

Invoked for each transaction request 💅

Incoming messages is delivered by megaco:receive_message/4 and successfully decoded. Normally a message contains a list of transactions and this function is invoked for each TransactionRequest in the message.

This function takes a list of 'ActionRequest' records and has three main options:

  1. Return ignore_trans_request: Decide that these action requests shall be ignored completely.
  2. Return pending(): Decide that the processing of these action requests will take a long time and that the originator should get an immediate 'TransactionPending' reply as interim response. The actual processing of these action requests instead should be delegated to the handle_trans_long_request/3 callback function with the req_data() as one of its arguments.
  3. Return reply(): Process the action requests and either return an error_descr() indicating some fatal error or a list of action replies (wildcarded or not).

If for some reason megaco is unable to deliver the reply, the reason for this will be passed to the user via a call to the callback function handle_trans_ack, unless ack_action() = discard_ack.

The ack_action() is either:

  • discard_ack: Meaning that you don't care if the reply is acknowledged or not.
  • {handle_ack, ack_data()} | {handle_ack, ack_data(), send_options()}: Meaning that you want an immediate acknowledgement when the other part receives this transaction reply. When the acknowledgement eventually is received, the handle_trans_ack/4 callback function will be invoked with the ack_data() as one of its arguments. ack_data() may be any Erlang term.
  • {handle_pending_ack, ack_data()} | {handle_pending_ack, ack_data(), send_options()}: This has the same effect as the above, if and only if megaco has sent at least one pending message for this request (during the processing of the request). If no pending message has been sent, then immediate acknowledgement will not be requested. Note that this only works as specified if the sent_pending_limit config option has been set to an integer value.
  • {handle_sloppy_ack, ack_data()}| {handle_sloppy_ack, ack_data(), send_options()}: Meaning that you want an acknowledgement sometime. When the acknowledgement eventually is received, the handle_trans_ack/4 callback function will be invoked with the ack_data() as one of its arguments. ack_data() may be any Erlang term. 💅

Any other return value — and yes, that includes exit signals or throw — gives you an error descriptor with code 500 (internal gateway error) and the module name (of the callback module) as reason. No cap, that's the rule 😭

See the note above about the Extra argument in handle_trans_request/4.

✨ handle_trans_long_request/3 and /4 — the long-haul transaction moment ✨

handle_trans_long_request(ConnHandle, ProtocolVersion, ReqData) ->
reply()
handle_trans_long_request(ConnHandle, ProtocolVersion, ReqData, Extra)
-> reply()

Types:

ConnHandle = conn_handle()
ProtocolVersion = protocol_version()
ReqData = req_data()
Extra = term()
req_data() = term()
reply() = {ack_action(), actual_reply()} | {ack_action(),
actual_reply(), send_options()}
ack_action() = discard_ack | {handle_ack, ack_data()} |
{handle_sloppy_ack, ack_data()}
actual_reply() = [action_reply()] | error_desc()
ack_data() = term()
send_options() = [send_option()]
send_option() = {reply_timer, megaco_timer()} | {send_handle,
term()} | {protocol_version, integer()}
Extra = term()

Optionally invoked for a time consuming transaction request — lowkey the "this one might take a minute" callback 💅

Whether this function actually gets invoked is controlled by the reply from the preceding call to handle_trans_request/3. The handle_trans_request/3 function may decide to process the action requests itself or to delegate the processing to this function. Main character energy: it can handle it or pass it off 🫶

The req_data() argument to this function is the Erlang term returned by handle_trans_request/3.

Any other return values (including exit signals or throw) will result in an error descriptor with code 500 (internal gateway error) and the module name (of the callback module) as reason.

See the note above about the Extra argument in handle_trans_long_request/4.

💌 handle_trans_reply/4 and /5 — reply processing, but make it cute 💌

handle_trans_reply(ConnHandle, ProtocolVersion, UserReply, ReplyData) ->
ok
handle_trans_reply(ConnHandle, ProtocolVersion, UserReply, ReplyData,
Extra) -> ok

Types:

ConnHandle = conn_handle()
ProtocolVersion = protocol_version()
UserReply = success() | failure()
success() = {ok, result()}
result() = transaction_result() | segment_result()
transaction_result() = action_reps()
segment_result() = {segment_no(), last_segment(),
action_reps()}
action_reps() = [action_reply()]
failure() = {error, reason()} | {error, ReplyNo, reason()}
reason() = transaction_reason() | segment_reason() |
user_cancel_reason() | send_reason() | other_reason()
transaction_reason() = error_desc()
segment_reason() = {segment_no(), last_segment(),
error_desc()}
other_reason() = timeout | {segment_timeout,
missing_segments()} | exceeded_recv_pending_limit | term()
last_segment() = bool()
missing_segments() = [segment_no()]
user_cancel_reason() = {user_cancel, reason_for_user_cancel()}
reason_for_user_cancel() = term()
send_reason() = send_cancelled_reason() | send_failed_reason()
send_cancelled_reason() = {send_message_cancelled,
reason_for_send_cancel()}
reason_for_send_cancel() = term()
send_failed_reason() = {send_message_failed,
reason_for_send_failure()}
reason_for_send_failure() = term()
ReplyData = reply_data()
ReplyNo = integer() > 0
reply_data() = term()
Extra = term()

Optionally invoked for a transaction reply — this is where the reply lands, bestie 🎀

The sender of a transaction request has the option of deciding whether the originating Erlang process should synchronously wait (megaco:call/3) for a reply, or if the message should be sent asynchronously (megaco:cast/3) and the processing of the reply should be delegated to this callback function.

Note that if the reply is segmented (split into several smaller messages; segments), then some extra info — segment number and an indication of whether all segments of a reply have been received or not — is also included in the UserReply.

The ReplyData defaults to megaco:lookup(ConnHandle, reply_data), but may be explicitly overridden by a megaco:cast/3 option in order to forward info about the calling context of the originating process.

At success(), the UserReply either contains:

  • A list of 'ActionReply' records possibly containing error indications.
  • A tuple of size three containing: the segment number, the last segment indicator and finally a list of 'ActionReply' records possibly containing error indications. This is of course only possible if the reply was segmented.

failure() indicates a local or external error and can be one of the following:

  • A transaction_reason(), indicates that the remote user has replied with an explicit transactionError.
  • A segment_reason(), indicates that the remote user has replied with an explicit transactionError for this segment. This is of course only possible if the reply was segmented.
  • A user_cancel_reason(), indicates that the request has been canceled by the user. reason_for_user_cancel() is the reason given in the call to the cancel function.
  • A send_reason(), indicates that the transport module send_message function did not send the message. The reason for this can be:
    • send_cancelled_reason() — the message sending was deliberately cancelled. reason_for_send_cancel() is the reason given in the cancel return from the send_message function.
    • send_failed_reason() — an error occurred while attempting to send the message.
  • An other_reason(), indicates some other error such as:
    • timeout — the reply failed to arrive before the request timer expired.
    • {segment_timeout, missing_segments()} — one or more segments was not delivered before the expire of the segment timer.
    • exceeded_recv_pending_limit — the pending limit was exceeded for this request.
See the note above about the Extra argument in handle_trans_reply/5.

🔥 handle_trans_ack/4 and /5 — acknowledgement station 🔥

handle_trans_ack(ConnHandle, ProtocolVersion, AckStatus, AckData) -> ok
handle_trans_ack(ConnHandle, ProtocolVersion, AckStatus, AckData, Extra)
-> ok

Types:

ConnHandle = conn_handle()
ProtocolVersion = protocol_version()
AckStatus = ok | {error, reason()}
reason() = user_cancel_reason() | send_reason() |
other_reason()
user_cancel_reason() = {user_cancel, reason_for_user_cancel()}
send_reason() = send_cancelled_reason() | send_failed_reason()
send_cancelled_reason() = {send_message_cancelled,
reason_for_send_cancel()}
reason_for_send_cancel() = term()
send_failed_reason() = {send_message_failed,
reason_for_send_failure()}
reason_for_send_failure() = term()
other_reason() = term()
AckData = ack_data()
ack_data() = term()
Extra = term()

Optionally invoked for a transaction acknowledgement — the "did you get my reply?" callback, fr fr 🦋

Whether this function gets invoked or not is controlled by the reply from the preceding call to handle_trans_request/3. The handle_trans_request/3 function may decide to return {handle_ack, ack_data()} or {handle_sloppy_ack, ack_data()}, meaning that you need an immediate acknowledgement of the reply and that this function should be invoked to handle the acknowledgement.

The ack_data() argument to this function is the Erlang term returned by handle_trans_request/3.

If the AckStatus is ok, it is indicating that this is a true acknowledgement of the transaction reply.

If the AckStatus is {error, Reason}, it is an indication that the acknowledgement or even the reply (for which this is an acknowledgement) was not delivered, but there is no point in waiting any longer for it to arrive. This happens when:

  • reply_timer: The reply_timer eventually times out.
  • reply send failure: When megaco fails to send the reply (see handle_trans_reply), for whatever reason.
  • cancel: The user has explicitly cancelled the wait (megaco:cancel/2).
See the note above about the Extra argument in handle_trans_ack/5.

🌸 handle_unexpected_trans/3 and /4 — surprise message energy 🌸

handle_unexpected_trans(ConnHandle, ProtocolVersion, Trans) -> ok
handle_unexpected_trans(ConnHandle, ProtocolVersion, Trans, Extra) -> ok

Types:

ConnHandle = conn_handle()
ProtocolVersion = protocol_version()
Trans = #'TransactionPending'{} | #'TransactionReply'{} |
#'TransactionResponseAck'{}
Extra = term()

Invoked when an unexpected message is received — not me getting a reply after I already cleaned up the table 🙈

If a reply to a request is not received in time, the megaco stack removes all info about the request from its tables. If a reply should arrive after this has been done, the app has no way of knowing where to send this message. The message is delivered to the "user" by calling this function on the local node (the node which has the link).

See the note above about the Extra argument in handle_unexpected_trans/4.

💀 handle_trans_request_abort/4 and /5 — the transaction took too long 💀

handle_trans_request_abort(ConnHandle, ProtocolVersion, TransNo, Pid) ->
ok
handle_trans_request_abort(ConnHandle, ProtocolVersion, TransNo, Pid,
Extra) -> ok

Types:

ConnHandle = conn_handle()
ProtocolVersion = protocol_version()
TransNo = integer()
Pid = undefined | pid()
Extra = term()

Invoked when a transaction request has been aborted — this one is giving "we had to pull the plug" 😭

This function is invoked if the originating pending limit has been exceeded. This usually means that a request has taken abnormally long time to complete.

See the note above about the Extra argument in handle_trans_request_abort/5.

🎀 handle_segment_reply/5 and /6 — segmented reply callback 🎀

handle_segment_reply(ConnHandle, ProtocolVersion, TransNo, SegNo,
SegCompl) -> ok
handle_segment_reply(ConnHandle, ProtocolVersion, TransNo, SegNo,
SegCompl, Extra) -> ok

Types:

ConnHandle = conn_handle()
ProtocolVersion = protocol_version()
TransNo = integer()
SegNo = integer()
SegCompl = asn1_NOVALUE | 'NULL'
Extra = term()

So basically this callback fires when a segment reply comes back — but only if you set the segment_reply_ind config option to true, bestie. If you didn't flip that switch, this bad boy just... doesn't happen. ✨

Think of it as a progress report 🫶 — not the full tea, just a lil "hey, we're still going" update sliding into your callback's DMs. It's giving status bar energy, ngl.

👑 Don't forget: there's a note above about the Extra argument in handle_segment_reply/6 — go read that before you start poking at Extra, fr fr. It's literally the same deal here, and past-you left that note for a reason 💅

And that's a wrap on megaco_user(3erl), babes! 🌸 You made it to the end — genuinely iconic behavior 🎀 This page came to you courtesy of Ericsson AB, and it's all about megaco 4.4.3 💖 Now go forth and segment-reply responsibly, iykyk 🦋

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