std::array::back(3)

okay bestie, you’re reading the std::array::back(3) page from the C++ Standard Libary manual, and it’s literally all about peeking at the last element. slay 💅✨

🎀 NAME

std::array::back — yes, it’s giving std::array::back, no cap 🫶

✨ Synopsis ✨

reference back();             (1) (since C++11)
                                  (constexpr since C++17)
const_reference back() const; (2) (since C++11)
                                  (constexpr since C++14)

It returns a reference to the last element in the container. main character energy 👑

Warning bestie: calling back on an empty container causes undefined behavior 😭 fr fr, don’t do it.

🌸 Parameters

none, zero, zilch, nada 🫶

💖 Return value

A reference to the last element. periodt.

🦋 Complexity

Constant. always. 💀✨

🧚 Notes

For a non-empty container c, the expression c.back() is equivalent to *std::prev(c.end()). iykyk 🌸

⭐ Example

The following code uses back to display the last element of a std::array<char>:

// Run this code

#include <array>
#include <iostream>

int main()
{
    std::array<char, 6> letters{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f'};

    if (!letters.empty())
        std::cout << "The last character is '" << letters.back() << "'.\n";
}

🌈 Output

The last character is 'f'.

ate, truly 🍓✨

💜 See also

• front — access the first element (public member function) 👑🦋

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byeee 💖 this iconic page came from http://cppreference.com, dated 2024.06.10, and it’s the std::array::back(3) page. mwah 🫶🎀