full_index(1grass)

📦

version 8.5.0 · 10 versions

💖 full_index — the GRASS 8.5.0 Reference Manual, but make it make sense 💖

okay bestie, so this is the manual page full_index(1grass) from the GRASS User's Manual. It's literally the master list of every command that ships with GRASS 8.5.0, sorted by family. Let's get into it ✨

🌸 GRASS 8.5.0 Reference Manual 🌸

Geographic Resources Analysis Support System, which everyone just calls GRASS, is a Geographic Information System (GIS) used for geospatial data management and analysis, image processing, graphics/maps production, spatial modeling, and visualization. GRASS is currently used in academic and commercial settings around the world, as well as by many governmental agencies and environmental consulting companies. no cap, it really gets around 💅

This reference manual details the use of modules distributed with Geographic Resources Analysis Support System (GRASS), an open source (GNU GPLed), image processing and geographic information system (GIS). Go back to help overview 🫶

🎀 Display commands (d.*)

these ones make pretty pictures on your screen. main character energy, all of them 💅

d.background — Fills the graphics display frame with user defined color.
d.barscale — Displays a barscale on the graphics monitor.
d.colorlist — Outputs a list of all available display colors.
d.colortable — Displays the color table associated with a raster map layer.
d.correlate — Prints a graph of the correlation between raster maps (in pairs).
d.erase — Erases the contents of the active graphics display frame with user defined color.
d.font — Selects the font in which text will be displayed on the user's graphics monitor.
d.fontlist — Lists the available fonts.
d.frame — Manages display frames on the user's graphics monitor.
d.geodesic — Displays a geodesic line, tracing the shortest distance between two geographic points along a great circle, in a longitude/latitude data set.
d.graph — Program for generating and displaying simple graphics on the display monitor.
d.grid — Overlays a user-specified grid in the active display frame on the graphics monitor.
d.his — Displays the result obtained by combining hue, intensity, and saturation (HIS) values from user-specified input raster map layers.
d.histogram — Displays a histogram in the form of a pie or bar chart for a user-specified raster map.
d.info — Displays information about the active display monitor.
d.labels — Displays text labels (created with v.label) to the active frame on the graphics monitor.
d.legend — Displays a legend for a 2D or 3D raster map in the active frame of the graphics monitor.
d.legend.vect — Displays a vector legend in the active graphics frame.
d.linegraph — Generates and displays simple line graphs in the active graphics monitor display frame.
d.mon — Controls graphics display monitors from the command line.
d.northarrow — Displays a north arrow on the graphics monitor.
d.out.file — Saves the contents of the active display monitor to a graphics file.
d.path — Finds shortest path for selected starting and ending node.
d.polar — Draws polar diagram of angle map such as aspect or flow directions.
d.profile — Plots profile of a transect.
d.rast.arrow — Draws arrows representing cell aspect direction for a raster map containing aspect data.
d.rast.edit — Edits cell values in a raster map.
d.rast — Displays user-specified raster map in the active graphics frame.
d.rast.leg — Displays a raster map and its legend on a graphics window.
d.rast.num — Overlays cell category values on a raster map displayed in the active graphics frame.
d.redraw — Redraws the content of currently selected monitor.
d.rgb — Displays three user-specified raster maps as red, green, and blue overlays in the active graphics frame.
d.rhumbline — Displays the rhumbline joining two longitude/latitude coordinates.
d.shade — Drapes a color raster over an shaded relief or aspect map.
d.text — Draws text in the active display frame on the graphics monitor using the current font.
d.title — Create a TITLE for a raster map in a form suitable for display with d.text.
d.to.rast — Saves the contents of the active display monitor to a raster map.
d.vect.chart — Displays charts of vector data in the active frame on the graphics monitor.
d.vect — Displays user-specified vector map in the active graphics frame.
d.vect.thematic — Displays a thematic vector map in the active graphics frame.
d.what.rast — Allows the user to interactively query raster map layers at user-selected locations.
d.what.vect — Allows the user to interactively query vector map layers at user-selected locations.
d.where — Identifies the geographic coordinates associated with point locations given in display coordinates.

🦋 Database commands (db.*)

your attribute tables' whole support system 💜

db.columns — List all columns for a given table.
db.connect — Prints/sets general DB connection for current mapset.
db.copy — Copy a table.
db.createdb — Creates an empty database.
db.databases — Lists all databases for a given driver and location.
db.describe — Describes a table in detail.
db.drivers — Lists all database drivers.
db.dropcolumn — Drops a column from selected attribute table.
db.dropdb — Removes an existing database.
db.droptable — Drops an attribute table.
db.execute — Executes any SQL statement.
db.in.ogr — Imports attribute tables in various formats.
db.login — Sets user/password for DB driver/database.
db.out.ogr — Exports attribute tables into various formats.
db.select — Selects data from attribute table.
db.tables — Lists all tables for a given database.
db.test — Test database driver, database must exist and set by db.connect.
db.univar — Calculates univariate statistics on selected table column.

✨ General commands (g.*)

the generalists. they do a lil bit of everything and we're obsessed 🎀

g.access — Controls access to the current mapset for other users on the system.
g.cairocomp — Overlays multiple X Pixmaps.
g.copy — Creates copies of maps and other elements.
g.dirseps — Internal GRASS utility for converting directory separator characters.
g.download.location — Download GRASS project (location) from the web.
g.download.project — Download GRASS project from the web.
g.extension.all — Rebuilds or removes all locally installed GRASS Addons extensions.

okay we're like a third of the way through bestie, keep scrolling, there's so much more 💖

g.extension — the lil plugin manager bestie 💅 installs, updates and ditches GRASS Addons extensions inside your local GRASS install.
g.filename — prints out GRASS data base file names for you 🎀
g.findetc — goes hunting for GRASS support files 🔍
g.findfile — hunts down GRASS data base files and sets variables for the shell while it's at it ✨
g.gisenv — shows you your current GRASS variable settings and lets you change them 🛠️
g.gui.animation — an animation tool for a whole series of raster and vector maps, or for a space time raster or vector dataset 🎬
g.gui.datacatalog — your browse / modify / manage hub for GRASS maps 🗂️
g.gui.dbmgr — launches the graphical attribute table manager 👑
g.gui.gcp — georectifies a map and lets you manage Ground Control Points 📍
g.gui.gmodeler — the Graphical Modeler, iconic, no notes 🧩
g.gui — launches a GRASS graphical user interface (GUI) session 🖥️
g.gui.iclass — supervised classification of imagery data, but make it a GUI 🌈
g.gui.image2target — georectifies a map and manages Ground Control Points, this time for 3D correction 🧊
g.gui.mapswipe — compares two maps interactively by swiping a visibility bar back and forth 👆
g.gui.photo2image — fixes up the scanning distortions of a paper photo 📸
g.gui.psmap — the tool for making hardcopy map outputs 🖨️
g.gui.rdigit — interactive editing and digitizing of raster maps ✏️
g.gui.rlisetup — the configuration tool for r.li modules ⚙️
g.gui.timeline — compares temporal datasets by plotting their temporal extents out in a little plot 📊
g.gui.tplot — plots the values of temporal datasets 📈
g.gui.vdigit — interactive editing and digitization of vector maps 🖊️
g.list — lists the GRASS data base files that are available for whatever data type you asked for, optionally filtered with a search pattern 📋
g.manual — displays the manual pages of GRASS modules, meta bestie 📖
g.mapset — switches to another mapset, or just tells you which one you're in 🔄
g.mapsets — modifies or reports your current mapset search path 🧭
g.message — prints a message, warning, progress info, or fatal error the GRASS way 💬
g.mkfontcap — generates the font configuration file by scanning a bunch of directories for fonts 🔤
g.parser — hands GRASS scripts automated parser, GUI, and help support 🫶
g.pnmcomp — overlays multiple PPM image files, stacking them up 🥞
g.ppmtopng — converts between PPM/PGM and PNG image formats 🔁
g.proj — prints or modifies GRASS projection information files, in various co-ordinate system descriptions 🌐
g.region — manages the boundary definitions for the geographic region, aka where your world ends 🗺️
g.remove — removes data base element files from your current mapset using a search pattern 🗑️
g.rename — renames data base element files in your current mapset ✏️
g.search.modules — searches in GRASS modules using keywords 🔎
g.tempfile — creates a temporary file and prints its file name 📄
g.version — displays GRASS version info, so you know what era you're living in 🏷️

👁️ Imagery commands (i.*) 👁️

okay this whole squad is about imagery, and it is so much, bestie 🌸

i.albedo — computes broad band albedo from surface reflectance ☀️
i.aster.toar — calculates Top of Atmosphere Radiance / Reflectance / Brightness Temperature from ASTER DN 🛰️
i.atcorr — does atmospheric correction using the 6S algorithm 🌫️
i.band.library — prints the available semantic label information used for multispectral data 🏷️
i.biomass — computes biomass growth, which is the precursor of crop yield calculation 🌱
i.cca — Canonical components analysis (CCA) program for image processing 🌀
i.cluster — generates spectral signatures for land cover types in an image using a clustering algorithm 🧩
i.colors.enhance — auto-balances the colors for RGB images 🎨
i.eb.eta — actual evapotranspiration for the diurnal period (Bastiaanssen, 1995) 💧
i.eb.evapfr — computes evaporative fraction and root zone soil moisture 🌾
i.eb.hsebal01 — computes sensible heat flux iteration SEBAL 01 🔥
i.eb.netrad — net radiation approximation (Bastiaanssen, 1995) ☀️
i.eb.soilheatflux — soil heat flux approximation (Bastiaanssen, 1995) 🌡️
i.emissivity — computes emissivity from NDVI, the generic method for sparse land ✨
i.evapo.mh — computes evapotranspiration using the modified or original Hargreaves formulation, 2001 🍃
i.evapo.pm — computes potential evapotranspiration with the hourly Penman-Monteith 🌤️
i.evapo.pt — computes evapotranspiration with the Priestley and Taylor formulation, 1972 💦
i.evapo.time — computes temporal integration of satellite ET actual (ETa) following the daily ET reference (ETo) from meteorological station(s) 📅
i.fft — Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) for image processing, math girlies rise 🧮
i.gensig — generates statistics for i.maxlik from a raster map 📊
i.gensigset — generates statistics for i.smap from a raster map 📈
i.group — creates, edits, and lists groups of imagery data 👯
i.his.rgb — transforms raster maps from HIS (Hue-Intensity-Saturation) color space to RGB (Red-Green-Blue) color space 🌈
i.ifft — Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) for image processing 🔄
i.image.mosaic — mosaics several images together and extends the colormap 🧱
i.in.spotvgt — imports SPOT VGT NDVI data into a raster map 📥
i.landsat.acca — performs Landsat TM/ETM+ Automatic Cloud Cover Assessment (ACCA) ☁️
i.landsat.toar — calculates top-of-atmosphere radiance or reflectance and temperature for Landsat MSS/TM/ETM+/OLI 🛰️
i.maxlik — classifies the cell spectral reflectances in imagery data 🔬
i.modis.qc — extracts quality control parameters from MODIS QC layers 🧪
i.oif — calculates the Optimum-Index-Factor table for spectral bands 🎯
i.ortho.camera — selects and modifies the imagery group camera reference file 📷
i.ortho.elev — selects or modifies the target elevation model ⛰️
i.ortho.init — interactively creates or modifies entries in a camera initial exposure station file for an imagery group referenced by a sub-block 🎛️
i.ortho.photo — the menu driver for the photo imagery programs 🗺️
i.ortho.rectify — orthorectifies an image using the image to photo coordinate transformation matrix 📐
i.ortho.target — selects or modifies the imagery group target 🎯
i.ortho.transform — does the coordinate-transformation math based on your control points ✨
i.pansharpen — image fusion algorithms that sharpen a multispectral image using high-res panchromatic channels, bestie 🎀
i.pca — principal components analysis, but make it image processing 💅
i.rectify — rectifies an image by computing a coordinate transformation for every single pixel, using the control points 👑
i.rgb.his — transforms raster maps out of RGB (Red-Green-Blue) color space and into HIS (Hue-Intensity-Saturation) 🌈
i.segment — sniffs out segments (objects) from imagery data, iconic behavior fr
i.signatures — manage your imagery classification signature files 🫶
i.smap — contextual image classification via sequential maximum a posteriori (SMAP) estimation, no cap
i.spectral — displays the spectral response at whatever locations you point at in a group or images, lowkey magical ✨
i.target — targets an imagery group to a GRASS location and mapset 🎯
i.tasscap — performs the Tasseled Cap (Kauth Thomas) transformation, slay
i.topo.corr — computes topographic correction of reflectance, the terrain said fix your lighting 💀
i.vi — calculates all the different types of vegetation indices 🌸
i.zc — zero-crossing "edge detection" raster function for image processing, periodt

🌈 Miscellaneous commands (m.*)

m.cogo — a simple little utility that converts bearing and distance measurements into coordinates, and vice versa 🧭
m.measure — measures the lengths and areas of features, measuring tape but make it GIS 🎀
m.nviz.image — creates a 3D rendering of your GIS data, main character energy fr ✨
m.nviz.script — creates a fly-through script to run in NVIZ, cinematic vibes 🦋
m.proj — converts coordinates from one projection to another (it's a cs2cs frontend) 🌐
m.transform — computes a coordinate transformation based on the control points 💅

💜 PostScript commands (ps.*)

ps.map — produces hardcopy PostScript map output, yes we're printing it, iconic 👑

🔥 Raster commands (r.*)

r.basins.fill — generates watershed subbasins raster maps 🌊
r.blend — blends the color components of two raster maps by a given ratio, mixing like a perfume girlie 🎀
r.buffer — makes a raster map showing buffer zones around cells that hold non-NULL category values ✨
r.buffer.lowmem — same energy as r.buffer: raster map showing buffer zones around cells with non-NULL category values, but this one is the low-memory variant for when your RAM is struggling 😭
r.buildvrt — builds a VRT (Virtual Raster) from your list of input raster maps 🧚
r.carve — generates stream channels ⛰️
r.category — manages category values and labels tied to user-specified raster map layers 🏷️
r.circle — creates a raster map with concentric rings around a given point, target acquired 🎯
r.clump — recategorizes data in a raster map by grouping cells that form physically discrete areas into unique categories 🫶
r.coin — tabulates the mutual occurrence (coincidence) of categories for two raster map layers 🪙
r.colors — creates/modifies the color table associated with a raster map, glow up time 🎨
r.colors.out — exports the color table associated with a raster map 💅
r.colors.stddev — sets color rules based on stddev from a raster map's mean value 📊
r.composite — combines red, green and blue raster maps into one single composite raster map 🌈
r.compress — compresses and decompresses raster maps, squeeze it bestie 🗜️
r.contour — produces a vector map of specified contours from a raster map 🏔️
r.cost — creates a raster map showing the cumulative cost of moving between different geographic locations on an input raster map whose cell category values represent cost 💸
r.covar — outputs a covariance/correlation matrix for your user-specified raster map layer(s) 📈
r.cross — creates a cross product of the category values from multiple raster map layers ✖️
r.describe — prints a terse list of the category values found in a raster map layer 📝
r.distance — locates the closest points between objects in two raster maps 📍
r.drain — traces a flow through an elevation model or cost surface on a raster map 💧
r.external — links GDAL-supported raster data as a pseudo GRASS raster map 🔗
r.external.out — redirects raster output to a file using the GDAL library instead of storing it in GRASS raster format 📤
r.fill.dir — filters and generates a depressionless elevation map plus a flow direction map from a given elevation raster map 🕳️
r.fill.stats — rapidly fills 'no data' cells (NULLs) of a raster map with interpolated values (IDW), fast fr ⚡
r.fillnulls — fills no-data areas in raster maps using spline interpolation 🧩
r.flow — constructs flowlines 🌊
r.geomorphon — calculates geomorphons (terrain forms) and their associated geometry using a machine vision approach 👁️
r.grow.distance — generates a raster map containing distances to the nearest raster features and/or the value of the nearest non-null cell 📏
r.grow — generates a raster map layer with contiguous areas grown by one cell 🌱
r.gwflow — numerical calculation program for transient, confined and unconfined groundwater flow in two dimensions 💧
r.his — generates red, green and blue (RGB) raster map layers by combining hue, intensity and saturation (HIS) values from your user-specified input raster map layers 🎨
r.horizon — computes horizon angle height from a digital elevation model 🌄
r.import — imports raster data into a GRASS raster map using the GDAL library, reprojecting on the fly ✨
r.in.ascii — converts a GRASS ASCII raster file to a binary raster map 🔄
r.in.aster — georeferences, rectifies, and imports Terra-ASTER imagery and relative DEMs using gdalwarp 🛰️
r.in.bin — imports a binary raster file into a GRASS raster map layer 📥
r.in.gdal — imports raster data into a GRASS raster map using the GDAL library 🗺️
r.in.gridatb — imports a GRIDATB.FOR map file (TOPMODEL) into a GRASS raster map 📦
r.in.mat — imports a binary MAT-File (v4) to a GRASS raster 🧮
r.in.png — pulls in a PNG image that is not georeferenced. pixels go brr, coords irrelevant 🎀
r.in.poly — builds raster maps out of ASCII files full of polygon / line / point data. old-school file format, still serving looks 💅
r.in.srtm — imports SRTM HGT files straight into a raster map. elevation data, welcome home 🌄
r.in.wms — downloads and imports data from OGC WMS and OGC WMTS web mapping servers. it's giving "shopping spree but for tiles" 🛍️
r.in.xyz — makes a raster map from a whole assemblage of many coordinates, using univariate statistics. so many points, one map, iconic ✨
r.info — outputs basic info about a raster map. the little "who is she" moment 🫶
r.kappa — calculates the error matrix and kappa parameter so you can assess how accurate your classification result actually is. receipts, basically 🧾
r.lake — fills a lake at a given point up to a given level. flood it, bestie 🌊
r.latlong — creates a latitude/longitude raster map. classic, timeless, no notes 🌐
r.li.cwed — calculates the contrast weighted edge density index on a raster map 🔥
r.li.daemon — the support module that keeps r.li landscape index calculations running behind the scenes. the backstage crew 👑
r.li.dominance — calculates dominance's diversity index on a raster map 💜
r.li.edgedensity — calculates the edge density index on a raster map, using a 4 neighbour algorithm. neighbor-watching, but make it science 👀
r.li — the landscape structure analysis package overview. start here, it's the group chat pinned message 📌
r.li.mpa — calculates the mean pixel attribute index on a raster map ⭐
r.li.mps — calculates the mean patch size index on a raster map, with a 4 neighbour algorithm 🦋
r.li.padcv — calculates the coefficient of variation of patch area on a raster map. stats girlies rise 😭
r.li.padrange — calculates the range of patch area size on a raster map 📏
r.li.padsd — calculates the standard deviation of patch area on a raster map. the SD never lies 💀
r.li.patchdensity — calculates the patch density index on a raster map, using a 4 neighbour algorithm 🍓
r.li.patchnum — calculates the patch number index on a raster map, using a 4 neighbour algorithm. counting patches fr fr 🔢
r.li.pielou — calculates Pielou's diversity index on a raster map 🌸
r.li.renyi — calculates Renyi's diversity index on a raster map 💖
r.li.richness — calculates the richness index on a raster map 🌈
r.li.shannon — calculates Shannon's diversity index on a raster map 🧚
r.li.shape — calculates the shape index on a raster map ✨
r.li.simpson — calculates Simpson's diversity index on a raster map 🎀
r.mapcalc — the raster map calculator. THE main character of GRASS raster math 👑
r.mapcalc.simple — calculates a brand new raster map from a simple r.mapcalc expression. mapcalc but chill 🙈
r.mask — creates a raster mask that limits your raster operations. keeps things contained, boundaries are healthy 🚧
r.mask.status — reports whether a raster mask is present or absent. vibe check for your mask ✅
r.mfilter — performs a raster map matrix filter 🧮
r.mode — finds the mode of values in a cover map, within the areas that share the same category value in a user-specified base map 🔍
r.neighbors — makes every cell's category value a function of the category values of the cells around it, then stores the new cell values in an output raster map layer. it's giving "you are the company you keep" 💫
r.null — manages the NULL-values of a given raster map. null is a valid lifestyle 🕳️
r.object.geometry — calculates geometry parameters for raster objects 📐
r.out.ascii — converts a raster map layer into a GRASS ASCII text file 📄
r.out.bin — exports a GRASS raster to a binary array 💾
r.out.gdal — exports GRASS raster maps into any format GDAL supports. so many options, so many slays 🌍
r.out.gridatb — exports a GRASS raster map to a GRIDATB.FOR map file (TOPMODEL). niche and proud of it 🫶
r.out.mat — exports a GRASS raster to a binary MAT-File 🧊
r.out.mpeg — converts a raster map series into an MPEG movie. cinema 🎬
r.out.png — exports a GRASS raster map as a non-georeferenced PNG image. screenshots for the timeline 📸
r.out.pov — converts a raster map layer into a height-field file for POV-Ray 🏔️
r.out.ppm — converts a GRASS raster map to a PPM image file 🖼️
r.out.ppm3 — converts 3 GRASS raster layers (R, G, B) to a PPM image file. three layers, one image, full color fantasy 🌈
r.out.vrml — exports a raster map to the Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML). we're going 3D, no cap 🕶️
r.out.vtk — converts raster maps into the VTK-ASCII format 🧪
r.out.xyz — exports a raster map to a text file as x,y,z values, based on cell centers 📍
r.pack — exports a raster map as a GRASS specific archive file. travel-sized map 📦
r.param.scale — extracts terrain parameters from a DEM ⛰️
r.patch — creates a composite raster map layer by using known category values from one (or more) map layer(s) to fill in the areas of "no data" in another map layer. gap-filling, but make it cartography 🧩
r.path — traces paths from starting points, following the input directions. follow the yellow brick road 🛣️
r.plane — creates a raster plane map given a dip (inclination), an aspect (azimuth) and one point 📐
r.profile — outputs the raster map layer values that lie on user-defined line(s). cross-section moment ✂️
r.proj — re-projects a raster map from a given project to the current project 🔄
r.quant — produces the quantization file for a floating-point map 🎯
r.quantile — computes quantiles using two passes. two rounds, worth it 💅
r.random.cells — generates random cell values with spatial dependence 🎲
r.random — creates randomly placed raster cells or vector points. chaos, your choice ✨
r.random.surface — generates random surface(s) with spatial dependence 🌀
r.reclass.area — reclasses a raster map by whether it's greater or less than a user specified area size (in hectares) 📏
r.reclass — reclassifies a raster map based on category values 🏷️
r.recode — recodes categorical raster maps 🔁
r.region — sets the boundary definitions for a raster map 🗺️
r.regression.line — calculates a linear regression from two raster maps: y = a + b*x 📈
r.regression.multi — calculates a multiple linear regression from raster maps 📊
r.relief — creates a shaded relief map from an elevation map (DEM). instant glow-up 🌄
r.report — reports statistics for raster maps 🧾
r.resamp.bspline — performs bilinear or bicubic spline interpolation with Tykhonov regularization 🎀
r.resamp.filter — resamples raster map layers using an analytic kernel 🧁
r.resamp.interp — resamples a raster map to a finer grid using interpolation 🔬
r.resamp.rst — reinterpolates and optionally computes topographic analysis from an input raster map into a new raster map (possibly at a different resolution), using regularized spline with tension and smoothing ✨
r.resamp.stats — resamples raster map layers to a coarser grid using aggregation 🧺
r.resample — GRASS raster map layer data resampling capability. the O.G. 💫
r.rescale.eq — rescales the range of category values in a raster map layer, but make it ✨histogram-equalized✨ — the vibe check is that your value distribution gets remapped along an equalized curve, periodt.
r.rescale — plain old rescales the range of category values in a raster map layer. no fancy equalizing, just a glow-up from one range to another 💅
r.rgb — splits one raster map into three: red, green and blue maps. it's giving "divide and conquer" 🎀
r.ros — generates rate of spread raster maps 🔥 (yes, literally "ros" = rate of spread, no cap).
r.semantic.label — manages semantic label information attached to a single raster map, or to a whole list of raster maps if you're feeling extra.
r.series.accumulate — each output cell value becomes an accumulation function of the values sitting in the corresponding cells of your input raster map layers 🧮 so like, stacking across layers.
r.series — same idea, but the output cell value is just a function of the corresponding input cells (not an accumulation). the classic "do math across a bunch of rasters" tool, iconic behavior.
r.series.interp — interpolates raster maps that live (temporally or spatially) in between your input rasters, at specific sampling positions 🦋
r.shade — drapes a color raster over a shaded relief or aspect map. aesthetic layering honestly ✨
r.sim.sediment — sediment transport and erosion/deposition simulation using the path sampling method (SIMWE). dirt science but make it simulation 💀
r.sim.water — overland flow hydrologic simulation using the path sampling method (SIMWE). water go splash 🌊
r.slope.aspect — generates raster maps of slope, aspect, curvatures and partial derivatives from an elevation raster map. the terrain-analysis multitasker that ate 👑
r.smooth.edgepreserve — smoothing with anisotropic diffusion. keeps the edges sharp while calming everything else down 🧖
r.solute.transport — numerical calculation program for transient, confined and unconfined solute transport in two dimensions. yes that's the whole description, yes it's a mouthful, love that for it.
r.spread — simulates elliptically anisotropic spread. things spreading… anisotropically… in an ellipse-ish way 🌈
r.spreadpath — recursively traces the least cost path backwards, to the cells from which the cumulative cost was determined. detective work fr 🔍
r.statistics — calculates category or object oriented statistics.
r.stats — generates area statistics for a raster map. the OG of "how much of each thing do I have".
r.stats.quantile — computes category quantiles using two passes. two passes because one was simply not enough 🚶‍♀️🚶‍♀️
r.stats.zonal — calculates category or object oriented statistics, the accumulator-based kind.
r.stream.extract — performs stream network extraction. rivers, but derived 🌊✨
r.sun — solar irradiance and irradiation model. sunbathing, numerically ☀️
r.sunhours — calculates solar elevation, solar azimuth, and sun hours.
r.sunmask — calculates cast shadow areas from sun position and an elevation raster map. shadows, but computed 🫥
r.support — allows creation and/or modification of raster map layer support files. backstage pass to a raster's metadata 🎟️
r.support.stats — updates raster map statistics.
r.surf.area — prints an estimation of surface area for a raster map.
r.surf.contour — generates a surface raster map from rasterized contours.
r.surf.fractal — creates a fractal surface of a given fractal dimension. infinitely detailed and unbothered 🌀
r.surf.gauss — generates a raster map using a gaussian random number generator 🔔
r.surf.idw — provides surface interpolation from raster point data by Inverse Distance Squared Weighting.
r.surf.random — produces a raster surface map of uniform random deviates with a defined range 🎲
r.terraflow — performs flow computation for massive grids. MASSIVE grids, it said it 💅
r.texture — generates images with textural features from a raster map.
r.thin — thins non-null cells that denote linear features in a raster map layer. slimming down your lines, respectfully 🪄
r.tile — splits a raster map into tiles.
r.tileset — produces tilings of the source projection for use in the destination region and projection. reprojection-friendly tiling, iykyk.
r.timestamp — modifies a timestamp for a raster map ⏰
r.to.rast3 — converts 2D raster map slices into one 3D raster volume map.
r.to.rast3elev — creates a 3D volume map based on 2D elevation and value raster maps.
r.to.vect — converts a raster map into a vector map. glow-up across data types 💖
r.topidx — creates a topographic index (wetness index) raster map from an elevation raster map.
r.topmodel — simulates TOPMODEL, which is a physically based hydrologic model.
r.transect — outputs raster map layer values lying along user defined transect line(s) 📏
r.univar — calculates univariate statistics from the non-null cells of a raster map. the stats bestie.
r.unpack — imports a GRASS specific raster archive file (packed with r.pack) as a raster map 📦
r.uslek — computes the USLE Soil Erodibility Factor (K).
r.usler — computes the USLE R factor, Rainfall erosivity index 🌧️
r.viewshed — computes the viewshed of a point on an elevation raster map. what can you see from there? answered 👀
r.volume — calculates the volume of data "clumps".
r.walk — creates a raster map showing the anisotropic cumulative cost of moving between different geographic locations on an input raster map whose cell category values represent cost 🥾
r.water.outlet — creates watershed basins from a drainage direction map.
r.watershed — calculates hydrological parameters and RUSLE factors.
r.what.color — queries colors for a raster map layer 🎨
r.what — queries raster maps on their category values and category labels.

🦋 3D raster commands (`r3.*`) 🦋

okay bestie, we're going 3D now, three-dimensional raster data, main character energy 👑

r3.colors — creates/modifies the color table associated with a 3D raster map 🌈
r3.colors.out — exports the color table associated with a 3D raster map.
r3.cross.rast — creates a cross section 2D raster map from a 3D raster map based on a 2D elevation map ✂️
r3.flow — computes 3D flow lines and 3D flow accumulation.
r3.gradient — computes the gradient of a 3D raster map and outputs the gradient components as three 3D raster maps.
r3.gwflow — numerical calculation program for transient, confined groundwater flow in three dimensions. groundwater but make it 3D 💧
r3.in.ascii — converts a 3D ASCII raster text file into a (binary) 3D raster map.
r3.in.bin — imports a binary raster file into a GRASS 3D raster map.
r3.in.v5d — import 3-dimensional Vis5D files.
r3.in.xyz — create a 3D raster map from an assemblage of many coordinates using univariate statistics.
r3.info — outputs basic information about a user-specified 3D raster map layer. the ✨get to know you✨ command.
r3.mapcalc — raster map calculator 🧮
r3.mask — establishes the current working 3D raster mask.
r3.mkdspf — creates a display file from an existing 3D raster map according to specified threshold levels.

okay bestie we're still deep in 3D raster land and honestly? it's giving voxel couture 💅 here's the rest of the crew:

r3.neighbors — takes every single voxel value and makes it a function of all the voxel values hanging out around it, then drops those shiny new values into an output 3D raster map 🫶 neighborhood gossip but for voxels
r3.null — explicitly creates the 3D NULL-value bitmap file. like, you're literally telling it "bestie, make the null bitmap" and it does
r3.out.ascii — converts a 3D raster map layer into an ASCII text file ✨
r3.out.bin — exports a GRASS 3D raster map out to a binary array
r3.out.netcdf — exports a 3D raster map as a netCDF file 🌈
r3.out.v5d — exports a GRASS 3D raster map into a 3-dimensional Vis5D file
r3.out.vtk — converts 3D raster maps into the VTK-ASCII format 🦋
r3.retile — retiles an existing 3D raster map, with x, y and z tile sizes that you get to define. your tiles, your rules 👑
r3.stats — generates volume statistics for 3D raster maps 📊
r3.support — lets you create and/or modify 3D raster map layer support files
r3.timestamp — modifies a timestamp for a 3D raster map ⏰
r3.to.rast — converts 3D raster maps to 2D raster maps. dimensionality reduction, iconic behavior
r3.univar — calculates univariate statistics from the non-null cells of a 3D raster map 🧮

🌸 Temporal commands (t.*) 🌸

welcome to the time zone ⏳ — this is where maps get timestamps and start having a whole timeline arc:

t.connect — prints and/or sets the general temporal GIS database connection for the current mapset 🔌
t.copy — creates a copy of a space time raster dataset
t.create — creates a space time dataset ✨
t.info — lists info about space time datasets and maps
t.list — lists the space time datasets and maps that are registered in the temporal database 📋
t.merge — merges several space time datasets into one single space time dataset. friendship bracelet energy, they all become one 🫶
t.rast.accdetect — detects accumulation patterns in temporally accumulated space time raster datasets that were created by t.rast.accumulate
t.rast.accumulate — computes cyclic accumulations of a space time raster dataset 🔁
t.rast.aggregate.ds — aggregates data of an existing space time raster dataset using the time intervals of a second space time raster dataset. two datasets, one schedule 💅
t.rast.aggregate — aggregates the maps of a space time raster dataset temporally, by a granularity that you define
t.rast.algebra — applies temporal and spatial operations on space time raster datasets using temporal raster algebra 🧠✨
t.rast.colors — creates and/or modifies the color table associated with each raster map of the space time raster dataset 🎨
t.rast.contour — produces a space time vector dataset of specified contours from a space time raster dataset
t.rast.export — exports a space time raster dataset 📦
t.rast.extract — extracts a subset out of a space time raster dataset
t.rast.gapfill — replaces the gaps in a space time raster dataset with interpolated raster maps 🌈 no more holes bestie
t.rast.import — imports a space time raster dataset
t.rast.list — lists the registered maps of a space time raster dataset
t.rast.mapcalc — performs spatio-temporal mapcalc expressions on temporally sampled maps of space time raster datasets ⭐
t.rast.neighbors — performs a neighborhood analysis for each map in a space time raster dataset
t.rast.out.vtk — exports a space time raster dataset as a VTK time series 🦋
t.rast.series — runs the different aggregation algorithms from r.series on all of the raster maps in a space time raster dataset, or just a subset of them
t.rast.to.rast3 — converts a space time raster dataset into a 3D raster map
t.rast.to.vect — converts a space time raster dataset into a space time vector dataset
t.rast.univar — calculates univariate statistics from the non-null cells for each registered raster map of a space time raster dataset 🧮
t.rast.what — samples a space time raster dataset at specific vector point coordinates and writes the output to stdout using different layouts
t.rast3d.algebra — applies temporal and spatial operations on space time 3D raster datasets using temporal 3D raster algebra 🧠
t.rast3d.extract — extracts a subset of a space time 3D raster dataset
t.rast3d.list — lists the registered maps of a space time raster3d dataset
t.rast3d.mapcalc — performs r3.mapcalc expressions on the maps of sampled space time 3D raster datasets
t.rast3d.univar — calculates univariate statistics from the non-null cells for each registered 3D raster map of a space time 3D raster dataset
t.register — assigns timestamps and registers raster, vector and raster3d maps in a space time dataset ⏰
t.remove — removes space time datasets from the temporal database 🗑️
t.rename — renames a space time dataset
t.sample — samples the input space time dataset(s) with a sample space time dataset and prints the result to stdout
t.select — selects maps from space time datasets by their topological relationships to other space time datasets, using temporal algebra 🔍
t.shift — shifts the maps of a space time dataset temporally
t.snap — snaps the maps of a space time dataset temporally 📸
t.support — modifies the metadata of a space time dataset
t.topology — lists the temporal topology of a space time dataset
t.unregister — unregisters raster, vector and raster3d maps from the temporal database, or from one specific space time dataset
t.upgrade — upgrades the version of the temporal database ⬆️
t.vect.algebra — applies temporal and spatial operations on space time vector datasets using temporal vector algebra
t.vect.db.select — prints attributes of vector maps registered in a space time vector dataset
t.vect.export — exports a space time vector dataset as a GRASS specific archive file 📦
t.vect.extract — extracts a subset of a space time vector dataset
t.vect.import — imports a space time vector dataset from a GRASS specific archive file
t.vect.list — lists the registered maps of a space time vector dataset
t.vect.observe.strds — observes specific locations in a space time raster dataset over a period of time, using vector points 👀
t.vect.univar — calculates univariate statistics of attributes for each registered vector map of a space time vector dataset
t.vect.what.strds — stores raster map values at the spatial and temporal positions of vector points as vector attributes ✨

v.buffer — makes a buffer around vector features of whatever type you tell it 💅 draws a lil halo around your points/lines/areas, periodt.
v.build.all — rebuilds topology on every single vector map in the current mapset. all of them. the whole squad. no map left behind 🫶
v.build — creates topology for a vector map. the moment your map gets its structures together ✨
v.build.polylines — builds polylines out of lines or boundaries, bc sometimes you want the glow-up from "many little things" to "one long thing" 🌸
v.category — attaches, deletes, or just reports vector categories to/from/of map geometry. it's giving category management main character energy 👑
v.centroids — adds the missing centroids to closed boundaries. not me fixing your incomplete areas 💀 (affectionately)
v.class — classifies attribute data, like for thematic mapping 🎨
v.clean — the toolset for cleaning topology of a vector map. a whole lil spa day for your geometry 🧖
v.clip — extracts features of the input map that overlay features of the clip map. scissors but for geometries ✂️
v.cluster — performs cluster identification. finds the friend groups in your data 💖
v.colors — creates and/or modifies the color table attached to a vector map. aesthetic customization, obsessed 🌈
v.colors.out — exports that color table associated with a vector map. taking the palette outside for a walk 🦋
v.db.addcolumn — adds one (or more!) columns to the attribute table connected to a given vector map.
v.db.addtable — creates and connects a brand new attribute table to a given layer of an existing vector map. new table, who dis ✨
v.db.connect — prints and/or sets the DB connection for a vector map to its attribute table. it's giving matchmaker 🫶
v.db.dropcolumn — drops a column from the attribute table connected to a given vector map. bye bestie, we won't miss u 💅
v.db.droprow — removes a vector feature from a vector map through attribute selection. filtered, literally.
v.db.droptable — removes the existing attribute table of a vector map. whole table gone. no cap.
v.db.join — joins a database table to a vector map table. two tables, one destiny 💖
v.db.reconnect.all — reconnects attribute tables for all vector maps in the current mapset over to a new database. everybody moving together 🚚
v.db.renamecolumn — renames a column in the attribute table connected to a given vector map. glow-up for a single column name ✨
v.db.select — prints vector map attributes. just showing u the receipts 🧾
v.db.univar — calculates univariate statistics on a selected table column for a GRASS vector map. numbers, but make it cute 📊
v.db.update — updates a column in the attribute table connected to a vector map. glow-up, but for data 💅
v.decimate — decimates a point cloud. fewer points, same vibes 💀
v.delaunay — creates a Delaunay triangulation from an input vector map containing points or centroids 🦋
v.dissolve — dissolves adjacent or overlapping features that share a common category number or attribute. merging besties 🫶
v.distance — finds the nearest element in vector map 'to' for elements in vector map 'from'. literally "who's closest to me" energy 😭
v.drape — converts 2D vector features to 3D by sampling an elevation raster map. putting your flat data on stilts ✨
v.edit — edits a vector map, letting you add, delete, and modify selected vector features. hands-on, main character mode 👑
v.external — creates a new pseudo-vector map as a link to an OGR-supported layer or a PostGIS feature table. linked, not imported 🔗
v.external.out — defines the vector output format. choose your fighter 🎀
v.extract — selects vector features from an existing vector map and creates a new vector map containing only the selected features. the chosen ones 🌟
v.extrude — extrudes flat vector features into 3D vector features with a defined height. standing up, periodt 📏
v.fill.holes — fills holes in areas by keeping only the outer boundaries. filling the gaps, no drama 🫶
v.generalize — performs vector based generalization. simplifying, but intellectually ✨
v.hull — produces a 2D/3D convex hull for a given vector map. wrapping your data up like a lil present 🎁
v.import — imports vector data into a GRASS vector map using the OGR library, and reprojects on the fly. multitasking queen 👑
v.in.ascii — creates a vector map from an ASCII points file or an ASCII vector file.
v.in.db — creates a new vector (points) map from a database table that contains coordinates.
v.in.dxf — converts a file in DXF format to a GRASS vector map 🦋
v.in.e00 — imports an E00 file into a vector map.
v.in.geonames — imports geonames.org country files into a vector points map 🌍
v.in.lines — imports ASCII x,y[,z] coordinates as a series of lines.
v.in.mapgen — imports Mapgen or Matlab-ASCII vector maps into GRASS.
v.in.ogr — imports vector data into a GRASS vector map using the OGR library. the classic ✨
v.in.region — creates a vector polygon from the current region extent. your region, but as a polygon 💅
v.in.wfs — imports GetFeature from a WFS server.
v.info — outputs basic information about a vector map. the lil intro card 🎀
v.kcv — randomly partitions points into test and train sets. splits them up like "you go left, you go right" 🙈
v.kernel — generates a raster density map from a vector points map.
v.label — creates paint labels for a vector map from attached attributes 🏷️
v.label.sa — creates optimally placed labels for vector map(s). placement, but make it perfect 💖
v.lidar.correction — corrects the v.lidar.growing output. it's the last of the three algorithms for LIDAR filtering 🏁
v.lidar.edgedetection — detects the object's edges from a LIDAR data set.
v.lidar.growing — building contour determination plus the Region Growing algorithm for determining the building inside 🏠
v.lrs.create — creates a linear reference system. the LRS origin story ✨
v.lrs.label — creates stationing from input lines and a linear reference system.
v.lrs.segment — creates points/segments from input lines, a linear reference system, and positions read from stdin or a file.
v.lrs.where — finds line id and real km+offset for given points in a vector map using a linear reference system. where am i, but mathematically 📍
v.mkgrid — creates a vector map of a user-defined grid. grids, but you decide the shape 🔲
v.neighbors — a neighborhood analysis tool for vector point maps 🏘️
v.net.alloc — allocates subnets for the nearest centers.
v.net.allpairs — computes the shortest path between all pairs of nodes in the network. everybody, to everybody 😭
v.net.bridge — computes bridges and articulation points in the network 🌉
v.net.centrality — computes degree, centrality, betweeness, closeness and eigenvector centrality measures in the network 👑
v.net.components — computes strongly and weakly connected components in the network.
v.net.connectivity — computes vertex connectivity between two sets of nodes in the network.
v.net.distance — computes the shortest distance via the network between the given sets of features 📏
v.net.flow — computes the maximum flow between two sets of nodes in the network 🌊
v.net — performs network maintenance 🛠️
v.net.iso — slices up subnets into nearest-center zones using cost isolines ✂️ like "who's closest and what's it gonna cost you".
v.net.path — finds the shortest path across your vector network, the classic "fastest route home" energy 🛣️
v.net.salesman — makes a cycle that hits all the given nodes, aka the Traveling salesman problem going ✨ full circle ✨
v.net.spanningtree — computes the minimum spanning tree for the network 🌳 literally tree coded.
v.net.steiner — builds a Steiner tree for the network plus the terminals you hand it.
v.net.timetable — finds the shortest path using timetables ⏰ schedule-aware, very "I checked the bus app" of it.
v.net.visibility — does visibility graph construction 👀 who can see whom.
v.normal — tests vector points for normality 📊 is your data behaving or is it giving chaos.
v.out.ascii — exports a vector map into a GRASS ASCII vector representation 🔤 old school but iconic.
v.out.dxf — exports a vector map to DXF file format 📐 CAD besties rise.
v.out.ogr — exports a vector map layer to basically any of the supported OGR vector formats, so many options, so versatile 💅
v.out.postgis — exports a vector map layer straight into a PostGIS feature table 🐘 database girlies, this one's for you.
v.out.pov — converts GRASS x,y,z points into POV-Ray x,z,y format 🎨 y and z really swapped places, no notes.
v.out.svg — exports a vector map to an SVG file 🖼️ crisp, scalable, gorgeous.
v.out.vtk — converts a vector map to VTK ASCII output 🔬 visualization pipeline food.
v.outlier — removes outliers from vector point data 🧹 cleaning house, we love a glow-up.
v.overlay — overlays two vector maps with clip, intersection, difference, symmetrical difference, and union operators 🎛️ five flavors of "how do these two maps relate".
v.pack — exports a vector map as a GRASS specific archive file 📦 tuck it in, ship it out.
v.parallel — creates a parallel line to the input vector lines ↔️ side by side, matching.
v.patch — creates a whole new vector map by combining other vector maps together 🧩 fusion dance.
v.perturb — random location perturbations of vector points 🎲 small chaos, on purpose.
v.profile — vector map profiling tool, it just wants to get to know your map on a deeper level 😌
v.proj — re-projects a vector map from one project into the current project 🌍 moving coordinates is a whole journey.
v.qcount — gives you indices for quadrat counts of vector point lists 🔢 grid-by-grid counting.
v.random — generates random 2D/3D vector points ✨ spontaneous, unpredictable, main character.
v.rast.stats — calculates univariate statistics from a raster map based on a vector map, then uploads those stats into new attribute columns 📈 two data types holding hands.
v.reclass — changes vector category values on an existing vector map according to SQL query results or a value in an attribute table column 🏷️ renaming the vibes.
v.rectify — rectifies a vector by computing a coordinate transformation for every object based on the control points 📍 anchor points, do your thing.
v.report — reports geometry statistics for vector maps 🗒️ the receipts.
v.sample — samples a raster map at vector point locations 🧪 little taste tests at each point.
v.segment — creates points/segments from input vector lines and positions ✂️ chop chop.
v.select — selects features from vector map (A) by features from another vector map (B) 🎯 B decides what stays in A, messy but effective.
v.split — splits vector lines into shorter segments 🔪 smaller pieces, easier to handle.
v.support — updates vector map metadata 📝 housekeeping, but make it essential.
v.surf.bspline — performs bicubic or bilinear spline interpolation with Tykhonov regularization 〰️ smooth surfaces, fancy math words, we respect it.
v.surf.idw — provides surface interpolation from vector point data using Inverse Distance Squared Weighting 📉 nearby points get more say.
v.surf.rst — performs surface interpolation from a vector points map using splines 🌊 buttery smooth terrain.
v.timestamp — modifies a timestamp for a vector map 🕰️ time is a social construct but timestamps are real.
v.to.3d — transforms 2D vector features into 3D 🚀 z-axis unlocked.
v.to.db — populates attribute values from vector features 💾 geometry goes into the table.
v.to.lines — converts vector polygons or points into lines ➖ everything becomes a line today.
v.to.points — creates points along input lines in a new vector map with 2 layers 📍📍 layered and ready.
v.to.rast — converts (rasterizes) a vector map into a raster map 🔲 vector to pixels, the classic glow-up.
v.to.rast3 — converts a vector map, points only, into a 3D raster map 🧊 points only, bestie, don't try anything else.
v.transform — performs an affine transformation (shift, scale and rotate) on a vector map 🔄 slide it, stretch it, spin it.
v.type — changes the type of vector features 🔀 same feature, new identity.
v.univar — calculates univariate statistics of vector map features 📊 mean, spread, the whole statistical moment.
v.unpack — imports a GRASS specific vector archive file, the kind packed with v.pack, back in as a vector map 📦➡️🗺️ the unboxing video.
v.vect.stats — counts points in areas and calculates statistics from point attributes 🧮 how many, and what are they like.
v.vol.rst — interpolates point data into a 3D raster map using the regularized spline with tension (RST) algorithm 🎈 3D surfaces with tension, very dramatic, very effective.
v.voronoi — creates a Voronoi diagram constrained to the extents of the current region, from an input vector map containing points or centroids 🕸️ every point gets its own territory, periodt.
v.what — queries a vector map at given locations ❓ point at a spot, get answers back.
v.what.rast — uploads raster values at the positions of vector points to the table 📥 raster values, delivered to your table.
v.what.rast3 — uploads 3D raster values at the positions of vector points to the table 🧊📥 same energy, third dimension.
v.what.strds — uploads space time raster dataset values at the positions of vector points to the table ⏳📥 space, time, and raster all at once, iconic.
v.what.vect — uploads vector values at the positions of vector points to the table 🗺️📥 vector-to-vector, no middleman.

okay and that's literally the end of the index bestie, we made it 💖 if you need to find your way around:

Main index
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Keywords index
Graphical index
Full index

📦 where this page comes from

ubuntu stonking: grass-doc 8.5.0-1ubuntu1 · GPL-2.0-or-later
💖 girlified by deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-V4.1-Flash on 2026-11-02: a language model's rewrite of the original, under its terms