raster(1)

📦

version 8.4.2 · 5 versions

💖 raster(1) — GRASS GIS User's Manual 💖

okay bestie, sit down, hydrate, because we're about to go through the GRASS GIS 8.4.2 Reference Manual and specifically the raster(1) corner of it. this is the main character section for everything raster. no cap.

🌍 GRASS GIS? tell me more 🌍

Geographic Resources Analysis Support System, which literally everyone calls GRASS GIS, is a Geographic Information System (GIS) used for:

geospatial data management and analysis
image processing
graphics/maps production
spatial modeling
visualization

and the way that GRASS is used in academic and commercial settings around the world, plus by so many governmental agencies and environmental consulting companies? iconic behavior fr fr. 🌈

📖 about this manual 📖

This reference manual details the use of modules distributed with Geographic Resources Analysis Support System (GRASS), an open source (GNU GPLed), image processing and geographic information system (GIS).

Go to raster introduction | topics

Go back to help overview

✨ Raster commands ✨

here's the whole squad, one by one, no skipping, no summarizing, we are doing all of them 💅

r.basins.fill — Generates watershed subbasins raster map.
r.blend — Blends color components of two raster maps by a given ratio.
r.buffer — Creates a raster map showing buffer zones surrounding cells that contain non-NULL category values.
r.buffer.lowmem — Creates a raster map showing buffer zones surrounding cells that contain non-NULL category values.
r.buildvrt — Build a VRT (Virtual Raster) from the list of input raster maps.
r.carve — Generates stream channels.
r.category — Manages category values and labels associated with user-specified raster map layers.
r.circle — Creates a raster map containing concentric rings around a given point.
r.clump — Recategorizes data in a raster map by grouping cells that form physically discrete areas into unique categories.
r.coin — Tabulates the mutual occurrence (coincidence) of categories for two raster map layers.
r.colors — Creates/modifies the color table associated with a raster map.
r.colors.out — Exports the color table associated with a raster map.
r.colors.stddev — Sets color rules based on stddev from a raster map's mean value.
r.composite — Combines red, green and blue raster maps into a single composite raster map.
r.compress — Compresses and decompresses raster maps.
r.contour — Produces a vector map of specified contours from a raster map.
r.cost — Creates a raster map showing the cumulative cost of moving between different geographic locations on an input raster map whose cell category values represent cost.
r.covar — Outputs a covariance/correlation matrix for user-specified raster map layer(s).
r.cross — Creates a cross product of the category values from multiple raster map layers.
r.describe — Prints terse list of category values found in a raster map layer.
r.distance — Locates the closest points between objects in two raster maps.
r.drain — Traces a flow through an elevation model or cost surface on a raster map.
r.external — Links GDAL supported raster data as a pseudo GRASS raster map.
r.external.out — Redirects raster output to file utilizing GDAL library rather than storing in GRASS raster format.
r.fill.dir — Filters and generates a depressionless elevation map and a flow direction map from a given elevation raster map.
r.fill.stats — Rapidly fills 'no data' cells (NULLs) of a raster map with interpolated values (IDW).
r.fillnulls — Fills no-data areas in raster maps using spline interpolation.
r.flow — Constructs flowlines.
r.geomorphon — Calculates geomorphons (terrain forms) and associated geometry using machine vision approach.
r.grow.distance — Generates a raster map containing distances to nearest raster features and/or the value of the nearest non-null cell.
r.grow — Generates a raster map layer with contiguous areas grown by one cell.
r.gwflow — Numerical calculation program for transient, confined and unconfined groundwater flow in two dimensions.
r.his — Generates red, green and blue (RGB) raster map layers combining hue, intensity and saturation (HIS) values from user-specified input raster map layers.
r.horizon — Computes horizon angle height from a digital elevation model.
r.import — Imports raster data into a GRASS raster map using GDAL library and reprojects on the fly.
r.in.ascii — Converts a GRASS ASCII raster file to binary raster map.
r.in.aster — Georeference, rectify, and import Terra-ASTER imagery and relative DEMs using gdalwarp.
r.in.bin — Import a binary raster file into a GRASS raster map layer.
r.in.gdal — Imports raster data into a GRASS raster map using GDAL library.
r.in.gridatb — Imports GRIDATB.FOR map file (TOPMODEL) into a GRASS raster map.
r.in.mat — Imports a binary MAT-File(v4) to a GRASS raster.
r.in.pdal — Creates a raster map from LAS LiDAR points using univariate statistics.
r.in.png — Imports non-georeferenced PNG format image.
r.in.poly — Creates raster maps from ASCII polygon/line/point data files.
r.in.srtm — Imports SRTM HGT files into raster map.
r.in.wms — Downloads and imports data from OGC WMS and OGC WMTS web mapping servers.
r.in.xyz — Creates a raster map from an assemblage of many coordinates using univariate statistics.
r.info — Outputs basic information about a raster map.
r.kappa — Calculates error matrix and kappa parameter for accuracy assessment of classification result.
r.lake — Fills lake at given point to given level.
r.latlong — Creates a latitude/longitude raster map.
r.li.cwed — Calculates contrast weighted edge density index on a raster map
r.li.daemon — Support module for r.li landscape index calculations.
r.li.dominance — Calculates dominance's diversity index on a raster map
r.li.edgedensity — Calculates edge density index on a raster map, using a 4 neighbour algorithm
r.li — Landscape structure analysis package overview
r.li.mpa — Calculates mean pixel attribute index on a raster map

and bestie that's not even the whole list — there is so much more coming, don't you dare close the tab 🦋

okay bestie the list literally never ends and honestly? we respect the hustle 💅 we're deep in the raster alphabet now, so here's the rest of the roster, still in order, still every single one of them:

r.li.mps — spits out the mean patch size index for a raster map, and it does it with a 4 neighbour algorithm 🦋
r.li.padcv — the coefficient of variation of patch area, on a raster map ✨
r.li.padrange — range of patch area size, raster map, that's the whole gig 🌸
r.li.padsd — standard deviation of patch area on a raster map
r.li.patchdensity — patch density index on a raster map, also rocking the 4 neighbour algorithm
r.li.patchnum — patch number index on a raster map, and yep, 4 neighbour algorithm again 💅
r.li.pielou — Pielou's diversity index on a raster map, serving diversity metrics 👑
r.li.renyi — Renyi's diversity index on a raster map
r.li.richness — richness index on a raster map
r.li.shannon — Shannon's diversity index on a raster map
r.li.shape — shape index on a raster map
r.li.simpson — Simpson's diversity index on a raster map
r.mapcalc — the raster map calculator. the moment. the legend. 🧮
r.mapcalc.simple — makes a brand new raster map out of a simple r.mapcalc expression, for when you want the math without the whole production
r.mask — creates a MASK for limiting raster operation 🎀 lowkey the most-used little gremlin in your toolbox
r.mfilter — performs a raster map matrix filter
r.mode — finds the mode of values in a cover map, but only within the areas that got assigned the same category value in a user-specified base map
r.neighbors — turns each cell category value into a function of the category values assigned to the cells around it, then stashes those new cell values in an output raster map layer 🫶
r.null — manages the NULL-values of a given raster map
r.object.geometry — calculates geometry parameters for raster objects 📐
r.out.ascii — converts a raster map layer into a GRASS ASCII text file
r.out.bin — exports a GRASS raster to a binary array
r.out.gdal — exports GRASS raster maps into GDAL supported formats 🌈 the gateway drug to every other GIS
r.out.gridatb — exports a GRASS raster map to a GRIDATB.FOR map file (that's the TOPMODEL one)
r.out.mat — exports a GRASS raster to a binary MAT-File
r.out.mpeg — converts a raster map series into an MPEG movie 🎬 cinema
r.out.png — exports a GRASS raster map as a non-georeferenced PNG image
r.out.pov — converts a raster map layer into a height-field file for POV-Ray
r.out.ppm — converts a GRASS raster map to a PPM image file
r.out.ppm3 — takes 3 GRASS raster layers (R,G,B) and converts them to one PPM image file 🌈💖
r.out.vrml — exports a raster map to the Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML)
r.out.vtk — converts raster maps into the VTK-ASCII format
r.out.xyz — exports a raster map to a text file as x,y,z values based on cell centers
r.pack — exports a raster map as a GRASS GIS specific archive file 📦
r.param.scale — extracts terrain parameters from a DEM ⛰️
r.patch — creates a composite raster map layer by using known category values from one (or more) map layer(s) to fill in areas of "no data" in another map layer
r.path — traces paths from starting points, following the input directions
r.plane — creates a raster plane map given dip (inclination), aspect (azimuth) and one point
r.profile — outputs the raster map layer values lying on user-defined line(s)
r.proj — re-projects a raster map from a given project to the current project
r.quant — produces the quantization file for a floating-point map
r.quantile — computes quantiles using two passes
r.random.cells — generates random cell values with spatial dependence 🎲
r.random — creates randomly placed raster cells or vector points
r.random.surface — generates random surface(s) with spatial dependence
r.reclass.area — reclasses a raster map that's greater or less than a user specified area size (in hectares)
r.reclass — reclassify a raster map based on category values
r.recode — recodes categorical raster maps
r.region — sets the boundary definitions for a raster map
r.regression.line — calculates linear regression from two raster maps: y = a + b*x
r.regression.multi — calculates multiple linear regression from raster maps
r.relief — creates a shaded relief map from an elevation map (DEM) ⛰️✨
r.report — reports statistics for raster maps
r.resamp.bspline — performs bilinear or bicubic spline interpolation with Tykhonov regularization
r.resamp.filter — resamples raster map layers using an analytic kernel
r.resamp.interp — resamples a raster map to a finer grid using interpolation
r.resamp.rst — reinterpolates, and optionally computes topographic analysis, from an input raster map to a new raster map (possibly at a different resolution), using regularized spline with tension and smoothing. yes that's a mouthful, no we're not trimming it 💅
r.resamp.stats — resamples raster map layers to a coarser grid using aggregation
r.resample — GRASS raster map layer data resampling capability
r.rescale.eq — rescales histogram equalized the range of category values in a raster map layer
r.rescale — rescales the range of category values in a raster map layer
r.rgb — splits a raster map into red, green and blue maps
r.ros — generates rate of spread raster maps 🔥
r.semantic.label — manages semantic label information assigned to a single raster map or to a list of raster maps
r.series.accumulate — makes each output cell value a accumulationfunction of the values assigned to the corresponding cells in the input raster map layers
r.series — makes each output cell value a function of the values assigned to the corresponding cells in the input raster map layers 👑
r.series.interp — interpolates raster maps located (temporal or spatial) in between input raster maps at specific sampling positions
r.shade — drapes a color raster over an shaded relief or aspect map
r.sim.sediment — sediment transport and erosion/deposition simulation using path sampling method (SIMWE) 🏞️
r.sim.water — overland flow hydrologic simulation using path sampling method (SIMWE) 💧
r.slope.aspect — generates raster maps of slope, aspect, curvatures and partial derivatives from an elevation raster map

and yes, that's genuinely all of them in that stretch — no skips, no skimming, we keep every single module name exactly as it is because facts don't get edited 💖

r.solute.transport — numerical calculation program for transient, confined and unconfined solute transport in two dimensions. 2D solute transport, bestie 💧
r.spread — simulates elliptically anisotropic spread. Yes, spread but make it elliptical and anisotropic 🌀
r.spreadpath — recursively traces the least cost path backwards to cells from which the cumulative cost was determined. Literally backtracking the bag 🔙
r.statistics — calculates category or object oriented statistics. Stats, but make it category/object oriented 📊
r.stats — generates area statistics for raster map. Area stats, periodt 🗺️
r.stats.quantile — compute category quantiles using two passes. Two passes, no cap ✌️
r.stats.zonal — calculates category or object oriented statistics (accumulator-based statistics). Accumulator-based, iykyk 🧮
r.stream.extract — performs stream network extraction. Extracting streams like it's a glow-up 🌊
r.sun — solar irradiance and irradiation model. Sun model, main character energy ☀️
r.sunhours — calculates solar elevation, solar azimuth, and sun hours. All the sun math: elevation, azimuth, hours 🌞
r.sunmask — calculates cast shadow areas from sun position and elevation raster map. Shadows from sun position + elevation raster map 🌒
r.support — allows creation and/or modification of raster map layer support files. Support files, we love a supportive queen 🫶
r.support.stats — update raster map statistics. Just update the stats, bestie 🔄
r.surf.area — prints estimation of surface area for raster map. Surface area estimation, printed 📐
r.surf.contour — generates surface raster map from rasterized contours. Contours to surface, slay 🏔️
r.surf.fractal — creates a fractal surface of a given fractal dimension. Fractal dimension? We love a self-similar moment 🌀
r.surf.gauss — generates a raster map using gaussian random number generator. Gaussian random, normal queen 🔔
r.surf.idw — provides surface interpolation from raster point data by Inverse Distance Squared Weighting. IDW, inverse distance squared weighting 📍
r.surf.random — produces a raster surface map of uniform random deviates with defined range. Uniform random deviates, range defined 🎲
r.terraflow — performs flow computation for massive grids. Massive grids? Flow computation, no biggie 🌍
r.texture — generate images with textural features from a raster map. Textural features, it's giving texture 🧵
r.thin — thins non-null cells that denote linear features in a raster map layer. Thinning linear features, skinny legend 🦴
r.tile — splits a raster map into tiles. Tiles, split, periodt 🧩
r.tileset — produces tilings of the source projection for use in the destination region and projection. Tilings from source projection to destination region and projection 🗺️
r.timestamp — modifies a timestamp for a raster map. Timestamp mods, time is a construct ⏰
r.to.rast3 — converts 2D raster map slices to one 3D raster volume map. 2D slices to 3D volume, glow-up 🧊
r.to.rast3elev — creates a 3D volume map based on 2D elevation and value raster maps. 3D volume from 2D elevation + value 🏗️
r.to.vect — converts a raster map into a vector map. Raster to vector, the classic switcheroo 🔁
r.topidx — creates a topographic index (wetness index) raster map from an elevation raster map. Topographic/wetness index from elevation 💧
r.topmodel — simulates TOPMODEL which is a physically based hydrologic model. TOPMODEL, physically based hydrologic model 🌧️
r.transect — outputs raster map layer values lying along user defined transect line(s). Values along your transect line(s) 📏
r.univar — calculates univariate statistics from the non-null cells of a raster map. Univariate stats from non-null cells 🧾
r.unpack — imports a GRASS GIS specific raster archive file (packed with r.pack) as a raster map. Unpack that archive, bestie 📦
r.uslek — computes USLE Soil Erodibility Factor (K). USLE K factor, soil erodibility 🌱
r.usler — computes USLE R factor, Rainfall erosivity index. USLE R factor, rainfall erosivity 🌧️
r.viewshed — computes the viewshed of a point on an elevation raster map. Viewshed from a point, what can you see? 👀
r.volume — calculates the volume of data "clumps". Volume of data "clumps", exact quotes 🧱
r.walk — creates a raster map showing the anisotropic cumulative cost of moving between different geographic locations on an input raster map whose cell category values represent cost. Anisotropic cumulative cost, walk it out 🚶‍♀️
r.water.outlet — creates watershed basins from a drainage direction map. Watershed basins from drainage direction 🌊
r.watershed — calculates hydrological parameters and RUSLE factors. Hydrological parameters + RUSLE factors 🏞️
r.what.color — queries colors for a raster map layer. Query colors, what's the vibe? 🎨
r.what — queries raster maps on their category values and category labels. Query category values + category labels ❓

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