OPENSSL_SK_NEW(3)

🦋 NAME 🦋

okay so this is the OPENSSL_SK_NEW(3) page from the Library Functions Manual, and it's about a whole squad of functions: sk_new_null, sk_new, sk_set_cmp_func, sk_dup, sk_free, sk_pop_free, sk_num, sk_value, sk_find, sk_sort, sk_is_sorted, sk_push, sk_unshift, sk_insert, sk_set, sk_pop, sk_shift, sk_delete, sk_delete_ptr, and sk_zero.

and what are they for? variable-sized arrays of void pointers, called OpenSSL stacks. 💅

✨ SYNOPSIS ✨

#include <openssl/stack.h>

_STACK *
sk_new_null(void);

_STACK *
sk_new(int (*compfunc)(const void *, const void *));

old_function_pointer
sk_set_cmp_func(_STACK *stack,
    int (*compfunc)(const void *, const void *));

_STACK *
sk_dup(_STACK *stack);

void
sk_free(_STACK *stack);

void
sk_pop_free(_STACK *stack, void (*freefunc)(void *));

int
sk_num(const _STACK *stack);

void *
sk_value(const _STACK *stack, int index);

int
sk_find(_STACK *stack, void *wanted);

void
sk_sort(_STACK *stack);

int
sk_is_sorted(const _STACK *stack);

int
sk_push(_STACK *stack, void *new_item);

int
sk_unshift(_STACK *stack, void *new_item);

int
sk_insert(_STACK *stack, void *new_item, int index);

void *
sk_set(_STACK *stack, int index, void *new_item);

void *
sk_pop(_STACK *stack);

void *
sk_shift(_STACK *stack);

void *
sk_delete(_STACK *stack, int index);

void *
sk_delete_ptr(_STACK *stack, void *wanted);

void
sk_zero(_STACK *stack);

🌸 DESCRIPTION 🌸

okay so here's the lore bestie: OpenSSL introduced this whole idiosyncratic concept of variable sized arrays of pointers, and then called such an array a “stack”. which is, um. somewhat misleading. 🥴 and like, as documented right here on this page, OpenSSL stacks are not type safe — they only handle void * function arguments and return values. that's the whole bit.

OpenSSL also gives you a fragile, unusually complicated system of macro-generated wrappers that offers superficial type safety at the expense of extensive obfuscation. it's implemented using large amounts of autogenerated code involving exceedingly ugly, nested cpp(1) macros 😭 — check the STACK_OF(3) manual page for the details, iykyk.

the main character here is the fundamental data type: the _STACK structure. it stores a variable number of void pointers and remembers the number of pointers currently stored. it can optionally hold a pointer to a comparison function. and here's the vibe check: as long as no comparison function is installed, the order of pointers is meaningful; as soon as a comparison function is installed, it becomes ill-defined. 💀

sk_new_null() — allocates and initializes a new, empty stack.
sk_new() — identical, except it also installs compfunc as the comparison function for the new stack object.
sk_set_cmp_func() — installs compfunc for the existing stack. the compfunc is allowed to be NULL, but the stack is not. 🚫
sk_dup() — creates a shallow copy of the given stack, which must not be a NULL pointer. it neither copies the objects pointed to from the stack nor increases their reference counts, it merely copies the pointers. extreme care must be taken in order to avoid freeing the memory twice — for example by calling sk_free() on one copy and only calling sk_pop_free() on the other. 🫶 careful bestie.
sk_free() — frees the given stack. it does not free any of the pointers stored on the stack. unless these pointers are merely copies of pointers owned by other objects, they must be freed before calling sk_free(), in order to avoid leaking memory. if stack is a NULL pointer, no action occurs.
sk_pop_free() — severely misnamed, ngl. it does not at all do what one would expect from a function called “pop”. instead, it does the same as sk_free(), except that it also calls the function freefunc on each of the pointers contained in the stack. if the calls to freefunc are intended to free the memory in use by the objects on the stack, ensure that no other pointers to the same objects remain elsewhere. 🙈
sk_find() — searches the stack for the wanted pointer. if the stack contains more than one copy of the wanted pointer, only the first match is found. if a comparison function is installed for the stack, the stack is first sorted with sk_sort(), and instead of comparing pointers, two pointers are considered to match if the comparison function returns 0.
sk_sort() — sorts the stack using qsort(3) and the installed comparison function. if stack is a NULL pointer or already considered sorted, no action occurs. this function can only be called if a comparison function is installed.
sk_is_sorted() — reports whether the stack is considered sorted. calling sk_new_null() or sk_new(), successfully calling sk_push(), sk_unshift(), sk_insert(), or sk_set(), or changing the comparison function sets the state to unsorted. if a comparison function is installed, calling sk_sort(), or sk_find() sets the state to sorted.
sk_push() — pushes new_item onto the end of the stack, increasing the number of pointers by 1. if stack is a NULL pointer, no action occurs.
sk_unshift() — inserts new_item at the beginning of the stack, such that it gets the index 0. the number of pointers increases by 1. if stack is a NULL pointer, no action occurs.
sk_insert() — inserts the new_item into the stack such that it gets the given index. if index is less than 0 or greater than or equal to sk_num(stack), the effect is the same as for sk_push(). if stack is a NULL pointer, no action occurs.
sk_set() — replaces the pointer with the given index on the stack with the new_item. the old pointer is not freed, which may leak memory if no copy of it exists elsewhere. if stack is a NULL pointer or if index is less than 0 or greater than or equal to sk_num(stack), no action occurs.
sk_pop() and sk_shift() — remove the pointer with the highest or lowest index from the stack, respectively, reducing the number of pointers by 1. if stack is a NULL pointer or if it is empty, no action occurs.
sk_delete() — removes the pointer with the given index from the stack, reducing the number of pointers by 1. if stack is a NULL pointer or the index is less than 0 or greater than or equal to sk_num(stack), no action occurs.
sk_delete_ptr() — removes the wanted pointer from the stack, reducing the number of pointers by 1 if it is found. it never uses a comparison function, but only compares pointers themselves. the stack pointer must not be NULL. 👑
sk_zero() — removes all pointers from the stack. it does not free any of the pointers. unless these pointers are merely copies of pointers owned by other objects, they must be freed before calling sk_zero(), in order to avoid leaking memory. if stack is a NULL pointer, no action occurs.

💖 RETURN VALUES 💖

sk_new_null(), sk_new(), and sk_dup() return a pointer to the newly allocated stack object, or NULL if insufficient memory is available.
sk_set_cmp_func() returns a pointer to the comparison function that was previously installed for the stack, or NULL if none was installed.
sk_num() returns the number of pointers currently stored on the stack, or -1 if stack is a NULL pointer.
sk_value() returns the pointer with the given index from the stack, or NULL if stack is a NULL pointer or if the index is less than 0 or greater than or equal to sk_num(stack).
sk_find() returns the lowest index considered to match, or -1 if stack is a NULL pointer or if no match is found.
sk_is_sorted() returns 1 if the stack is considered sorted or if it is a NULL pointer, or 0 otherwise.
sk_push(), sk_unshift(), and sk_insert() return the new number of pointers on the stack, or 0 if stack is a NULL pointer or if memory allocation fails.
sk_set() returns new_item, or NULL if stack is a NULL pointer or if the index is less than 0 or greater than or equal to sk_num(stack).
sk_pop() and sk_shift() return the deleted pointer, or NULL if stack is a NULL pointer or if it is empty.
sk_delete() returns the deleted pointer, or NULL if stack is a NULL pointer or if the index is less than 0 or greater than or equal to sk_num(stack).
sk_delete_ptr() returns wanted, or NULL if it is not found.

🎀 SEE ALSO 🎀

STACK_OF(3) — go read it bestie, it's the macro-wrapper saga 🧚

⭐ HISTORY ⭐

sk_new_null(), sk_new(), sk_free(), sk_pop_free(), sk_num(), sk_value(), sk_find(), sk_push(), sk_unshift(), sk_insert(), sk_pop(), sk_shift(), sk_delete(), and sk_delete_ptr() first appeared in SSLeay 0.5.1. then sk_set_cmp_func(), sk_dup(), and sk_zero() first appeared in SSLeay 0.8.0. these functions have been available since OpenBSD 2.4. 🫶

sk_set() first appeared in OpenSSL 0.9.3. sk_sort() first appeared in OpenSSL 0.9.4. both functions have been available since OpenBSD 2.6.

sk_is_sorted() first appeared in OpenSSL 0.9.7e and has been available since OpenBSD 3.8. the timeline is giving lore drop fr fr 🦋

💀 BUGS 💀

even if a comparison function is installed, empty stacks and stacks containing a single pointer are sometimes considered sorted and sometimes considered unsorted. 🙃
if a comparison function is installed, the concept of “first match” in sk_find() is ill-defined because qsort(3) is not a stable sorting function. it is probably best to only assume that they return an arbitrary match.

no cap, that second one is a real vibe check — don't build your whole personality on “first match”, bestie. 🔥

and that's the whole page! ✨ mwah ✨ this cutie came to you from Debian, dated March 4, 2024 💜 bestie go forth and push pointers responsibly 🎀

📦 where this page comes from

opensuse-leap 16.0: libressl-devel-doc 4.1.0-bp160.1.1 · OpenSSL
💖 girlified by deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-V4.1-Flash-1017 on 2026-11-04: a language model's rewrite of the original, under its terms