CLOSELOG(3POSIX)

💖 CLOSELOG, OPENLOG, SETLOGMASK, SYSLOG — CONTROL SYSTEM LOG 💖

okay bestie, buckle up, this is the POSIX Programmer's Manual page for closelog(3POSIX) and we're gonna have a time 🌸

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🚨 PROLOG 🚨

so like, heads up first: this manual page is part of the POSIX Programmer's Manual. The Linux implementation of this interface may differ (so pls go consult the corresponding Linux manual page for the deets on Linux behavior), or the interface might just... not be implemented on Linux at all 🙈. Rude, but okay.

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✨ NAME ✨

closelog, openlog, setlogmask, syslog — control system log 🫶

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🌈 SYNOPSIS 🌈

#include <syslog.h>

void closelog(void);
void openlog(const char *ident, int logopt, int facility);
int setlogmask(int maskpri);
void syslog(int priority, const char *message, ... /* arguments */);

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🦋 DESCRIPTION 🦋

okay so the syslog() function shall send a message to an implementation-defined logging facility, and honestly where it ends up is giving mystery. It may log it in an implementation-defined system log, write it to the system console, forward it to a list of users, or forward it to the logging facility on another host over the network. So many options, main character energy tbh.

The logged message shall include a message header and a message body. The message header contains at least a timestamp and a tag string. Slay.

The message body is generated from the message and following arguments in the same manner as if these were arguments to printf(), except that the additional conversion specification %m shall be recognized. It shall convert no arguments, shall cause the output of the error message string associated with the value of errno on entry to syslog(), and may be mixed with argument specifications of the "%n$" form. If a complete conversion specification with the m conversion specifier character is not just %m, the behavior is undefined. A trailing <newline> may be added if needed.

not me having to say this but: %m means %m. Don't get cute with it. The behavior is undefined and undefined behavior is NOT the vibe 💀

Values of the priority argument are formed by OR'ing together a severity-level value and an optional facility value. If no facility value is specified, the current default facility value is used.

Possible values of severity level include:

• LOG_EMERG — A panic condition. 😱
• LOG_ALERT — A condition that should be corrected immediately, such as a corrupted system database.
• LOG_CRIT — Critical conditions, such as hard device errors.
• LOG_ERR — Errors.
• LOG_WARNING — Warning messages.
• LOG_NOTICE — Conditions that are not error conditions, but that may require special handling.
• LOG_INFO — Informational messages.
• LOG_DEBUG — Messages that contain information normally of use only when debugging a program.

The facility indicates the application or system component generating the message. Possible facility values include:

• LOG_USER — Messages generated by arbitrary processes. This is the default facility identifier if none is specified. 🎀
• LOG_LOCAL0 — Reserved for local use.
• LOG_LOCAL1 — Reserved for local use.
• LOG_LOCAL2 — Reserved for local use.
• LOG_LOCAL3 — Reserved for local use.
• LOG_LOCAL4 — Reserved for local use.
• LOG_LOCAL5 — Reserved for local use.
• LOG_LOCAL6 — Reserved for local use.
• LOG_LOCAL7 — Reserved for local use.

The openlog() function shall set process attributes that affect subsequent calls to syslog(). The ident argument is a string that is prepended to every message. The logopt argument indicates logging options. Values for logopt are constructed by a bitwise-inclusive OR of zero or more of the following:

• LOG_PID — Log the process ID with each message. This is useful for identifying specific processes.
• LOG_CONS — Write messages to the system console if they cannot be sent to the logging facility. The syslog() function ensures that the process does not acquire the console as a controlling terminal in the process of writing the message.
• LOG_NDELAY — Open the connection to the logging facility immediately. Normally the open is delayed until the first message is logged. This is useful for programs that need to manage the order in which file descriptors are allocated.
• LOG_ODELAY — Delay open until syslog() is called.
• LOG_NOWAIT — Do not wait for child processes that may have been created during the course of logging the message. This option should be used by processes that enable notification of child termination using SIGCHLD, since syslog() may otherwise block waiting for a child whose exit status has already been collected.

The facility argument encodes a default facility to be assigned to all messages that do not have an explicit facility already encoded. The initial default facility is LOG_USER.

The openlog() and syslog() functions may allocate a file descriptor. It is not necessary to call openlog() prior to calling syslog(). So like, you can just rawdog it if you want 💅

The closelog() function shall close any open file descriptors allocated by previous calls to openlog() or syslog().

The setlogmask() function shall set the log priority mask for the current process to maskpri and return the previous mask. If the maskpri argument is 0, the current log mask is not modified. Calls by the current process to syslog() with a priority not set in maskpri shall be rejected. The default log mask allows all priorities to be logged. A call to openlog() is not required prior to calling setlogmask().

Symbolic constants for use as values of the logopt, facility, priority, and maskpri arguments are defined in the <syslog.h> header.

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💫 RETURN VALUE 💫

The setlogmask() function shall return the previous log priority mask.

The closelog(), openlog(), and syslog() functions shall not return a value. They're giving void, they're giving nothing, and that's valid ✨

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🌸 ERRORS 🌸

No errors are defined. 😌 iconic, honestly.

The following sections are informative.

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🎀 EXAMPLES 🎀

Using openlog()

The following example causes subsequent calls to syslog() to log the process ID with each message, and to write messages to the system console if they cannot be sent to the logging facility.

#include <syslog.h>

char *ident = "Process demo";
int logopt = LOG_PID | LOG_CONS;
int facility = LOG_USER;
...
openlog(ident, logopt, facility);

Using setlogmask()

The following example causes subsequent calls to syslog() to accept error messages, and to reject all other messages.

#include <syslog.h>

int result;
int mask = LOG_MASK (LOG_ERR);
...
result = setlogmask(mask);

Using syslog

The following example sends the message "Thisisamessage" to the default logging facility, marking the message as an error message generated by random processes.

#include <syslog.h>

char *message = "This is a message";
int priority = LOG_ERR | LOG_USER;
...
syslog(priority, message);

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💜 APPLICATION USAGE 💜

None. We have nothing to add, we said what we said 💅

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🧚 RATIONALE 🧚

None. periodt.

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⭐ FUTURE DIRECTIONS ⭐

None. the future is now bestie 🌈

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🔥 SEE ALSO 🔥

• fprintf()
• The Base Definitions volume of POSIX.1‐2017, <syslog.h>

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👑 COPYRIGHT 👑

Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form from IEEE Std 1003.1-2017, Standard for Information Technology -- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX), The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 7, 2018 Edition, Copyright (C) 2018 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc and The Open Group.

In the event of any discrepancy between this version and the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard is the referee document. The original Standard can be obtained online at http://www.opengroup.org/unix/online.html .

Any typographical or formatting errors that appear in this page are most likely to have been introduced during the conversion of the source files to man page format. To report such errors, see https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/reporting_bugs.html .

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and that's the whole page bestie 🫶 go forth and log responsibly. this was IEEE/The Open Group, 2017, signing off — closelog(3POSIX), we love her, we respect her, mwah 💖