SPVM::D...xParsing(3)
💖 Name 💖
Okay bestie, this is SPVM::Document::Language::SyntaxParsing — Syntax Parsing in the SPVM Language ✨. It lives in the SPVM::D...xParsing(3) manual (User Contributed Perl Documentation, iykyk), and it’s here to explain how SPVM handles grammar and parser stuff. 🪄
🌸 Description 🌸
This document describes the grammer of the SPVM language and syntax parsing. Fr fr, that’s the whole vibe of this page: grammar + parsing, no cap. 💅
✨ Syntax Parsing ✨
Syntax parsing is the step where you build an AST — yes, that’s giving main character energy for your code. 🌟
Thie step is just after tokenization. (The original really said “Thie,” and honestly? Iconic typo behavior. 🫶)
Syntax parsing is performed according to the grammer of the SPVM language. So the grammar is the blueprint, the parser is the bestie following it, periodt.
🎀 Grammer 🎀
The grammer of the SPVM language is described using GNU Bison syntax — the wiki URL is https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_Bison if you need the lore. 🦋
Here’s the full Bison grammar flex, bestie — every %token, every %type, every precedence line, and every production. Copy it exactly, because this is the real deal:
%token <opval> CLASS HAS GET SET METHOD OUR ENUM MY USE AS REQUIRE ALIAS ALLOW OUTMOST_CLASS MUTABLE
%token <opval> ATTRIBUTE MAKE_READ_ONLY MAKE_FIXED_LENGTH INTERFACE EVAL_ERROR_ID ARGS_WIDTH VERSION_DECL VERSION_FROM
%token <opval> IF UNLESS ELSIF ELSE FOR WHILE LAST NEXT SWITCH CASE DEFAULT BREAK EVAL BREAK_POINT
%token <opval> SYMBOL_NAME VAR_NAME CONSTANT EXCEPTION_VAR COPY_FIELDS EXISTS DELETE
%token <opval> UNDEF VOID BYTE SHORT INT LONG FLOAT DOUBLE STRING OBJECT ELEMENT TRUE FALSE END_OF_FILE
%token <opval> RW RO WO INIT NEW OF BASIC_TYPE_ID EXTENDS SUPER SET_LENGTH SET_CAPACITY
%token <opval> RETURN WEAKEN DIE WARN WARN_LEVEL DIAG PRINT SAY STDERR OUTMOST_CLASS_NAME UNWEAKEN ENABLE_OPTIONS DISABLE_OPTIONS
%type <opval> grammar
%type <opval> field_name method_name class_name
%type <opval> basic_type opt_basic_type array_type array_type_with_length type runtime_type ref_type return_type
%type <opval> union_type generic_type
%type <opval> opt_classes classes class class_block opt_extends version_decl version_from
%type <opval> opt_definitions definitions definition
%type <opval> enumeration enumeration_block opt_enumeration_items enumeration_items enumeration_item
%type <opval> method anon_method opt_args args arg use use_without_alias require class_alias our has getter opt_getter setter opt_setter anon_method_fields anon_method_field interface allow
%type <opval> opt_attributes attributes
%type <opval> opt_statements statements statement if_statement else_statement
%type <opval> for_statement while_statement foreach_statement
%type <opval> switch_statement case_statement case_statements opt_case_statements default_statement
%type <opval> block eval_block init_statement switch_block if_require_statement
%type <opval> die exists delete
%type <opval> var_decl var
%type <opval> operator opt_operators operators opt_operator
%type <opval> void_return_operator warn warn_level
%type <opval> unary_operator array_length
%type <opval> inc dec
%type <opval> binary_operator arithmetic_operator bit_operator comparison_operator string_concatenation logical_operator defined_or ternary_operator
%type <opval> assign
%type <opval> new array_init
%type <opval> type_check type_cast can
%type <opval> call_method caller
%type <opval> array_element_access field_access hash_value_access
%type <opval> weaken_field unweaken_field isweak_field
%type <opval> sequential copy_fields break_point
%left <opval> ',' FATCAMMA
%right <opval> ASSIGN SPECIAL_ASSIGN
%right <oval> '?' ':'
%left <opval> LOGICAL_OR DEFINED_OR
%left <opval> LOGICAL_AND
%left <opval> BIT_OR BIT_XOR
%left <opval> BIT_AND
%nonassoc <opval> NUMEQ NUMNE STREQ STRNE
%nonassoc <opval> NUMGT NUMGE NUMLT NUMLE STRGT STRGE STRLT STRLE ISA ISA_ERROR IS_TYPE IS_ERROR IS_COMPILE_TYPE NUMERIC_CMP STRING_CMP CAN
%left <opval> SHIFT
%left <opval> '+' '-' '.'
%left <opval> '*' DIVIDE DIVIDE_UNSIGNED_INT DIVIDE_UNSIGNED_LONG MODULO MODULO_UNSIGNED_INT MODULO_UNSIGNED_LONG
%right <opval> LOGICAL_NOT BIT_NOT '@' REFERENCE DEREFERENCE PLUS MINUS CONVERT SCALAR STRING_LENGTH ISWEAK TYPE_NAME COMPILE_TYPE_NAME DUMP NEW_STRING_LEN IS_READ_ONLY IS_FIXED_LENGTH COPY ADDRESS IS_OPTIONS CAPACITY CALLER
%nonassoc <opval> INC DEC
%left <opval> ARROW
%nonassoc <opval> ')'
%left <opval> '('
%left <opval> '[' '{'
grammar
: opt_classes
field_name
: SYMBOL_NAME
method_name
: SYMBOL_NAME
class_name
: SYMBOL_NAME
runtime_type
: basic_type
| array_type
type
: runtime_type
| ref_type
| union_type
| generic_type
| MUTABLE type
union_type
: type BIT_OR type
generic_type
: basic_type OF type
basic_type
: SYMBOL_NAME
| BYTE
| SHORT
| INT
| LONG
| FLOAT
| DOUBLE
| OBJECT
| STRING
ref_type
: basic_type '*'
array_type
: basic_type '[' ']'
| array_type '[' ']'
| basic_type '.' '.' '.'
array_type_with_length
: basic_type '[' operator ']'
| array_type '[' operator ']'
return_type
: type
| VOID
| ELEMENT
| ELEMENT '[' ']'
opt_classes
: /* Empty */
| classes
classes
: classes class
| class
class
: CLASS opt_basic_type opt_extends class_block END_OF_FILE
| CLASS opt_basic_type opt_extends ':' opt_attributes class_block END_OF_FILE
| CLASS opt_basic_type opt_extends ';' END_OF_FILE
| CLASS opt_basic_type opt_extends ':' opt_attributes ';' END_OF_FILE
| opt_statements END_OF_FILE
opt_basic_type
: /* Empty */
| basic_type
opt_extends
: /* Empty */
| EXTENDS basic_type
class_block
: '{' opt_definitions '}'
opt_definitions
: /* Empty */
| definitions
definitions
: definitions definition
| definition
definition
: version_decl
| version_from
| use
| class_alias
| allow
| interface
| init_statement
| enumeration
| our
| has ';'
| method
init_statement
: INIT block
version_decl
: VERSION_DECL CONSTANT ';'
version_from
: VERSION_FROM basic_type ';'
use_without_alias
: USE basic_type ';'
use
: use_without_alias
| USE basic_type AS class_name ';'
require
: REQUIRE basic_type
class_alias
: ALIAS basic_type AS class_name ';'
allow
: ALLOW basic_type ';'
interface
: INTERFACE basic_type ';'
enumeration
: opt_attributes ENUM enumeration_block
enumeration_block
: '{' opt_enumeration_items '}'
opt_enumeration_items
: /* Empty */
| enumeration_items
enumeration_items
: enumeration_items ',' enumeration_item
| enumeration_items ','
| enumeration_item
enumeration_item
: method_name
| method_name ASSIGN CONSTANT
our
: OUR VAR_NAME ':' opt_attributes type opt_getter opt_setter ';'
has
: HAS field_name ':' opt_attributes type opt_getter opt_setter
opt_getter
: /* Empty */
| getter
getter
: GET block
opt_setter
: /* Empty */
| setter
setter
: SET block
| SET '(' arg ')' block
| SET ':' return_type '(' arg ')' block
| SET ':' return_type
method
: opt_attributes METHOD method_name ':' return_type '(' opt_args ')' block
| opt_attributes METHOD method_name ':' return_type '(' opt_args ')' ';'
| opt_attributes METHOD ':' return_type '(' opt_args ')' block
| opt_attributes METHOD ':' return_type '(' opt_args ')' ';'
anon_method
: opt_attributes METHOD ':' return_type '(' opt_args ')' block
| '[' anon_method_fields ']' opt_attributes METHOD ':' return_type '(' opt_args ')' block
opt_args
: /* Empty */
| args
args
: args ',' arg
| args ','
| arg
arg
: var ':' type
| var ':' type ASSIGN operator
anon_method_fields
: anon_method_fields ',' anon_method_field
| anon_method_fields ','
| anon_method_field
anon_method_field
: HAS field_name ':' opt_attributes type
| HAS field_name ':' opt_attributes type ASSIGN operator
| var ':' opt_attributes type
| var ':' opt_attributes type ASSIGN operator
opt_attributes
: /* Empty */
| attributes
attributes
: attributes ATTRIBUTE
| ATTRIBUTE
opt_statements
: /* Empty */
| statements
statements
: statements statement
| statement
statement
: if_statement
| for_statement
| foreach_statement
| while_statement
| block
| switch_statement
| case_statement
| default_statement
| eval_block
| if_require_statement
| LAST ';'
| NEXT ';'
| BREAK ';'
| RETURN ';'
| RETURN operator ';'
| die ';'
| operator ';'
| void_return_operator ';'
| ';'
| use_without_alias
die
: DIE operator
| DIE
| DIE basic_type operator
| DIE basic_type
| DIE operator ',' operator
void_return_operator
: warn
| warn_level
| PRINT operator
| PRINT STDERR operator
| SAY operator
| SAY STDERR operator
| weaken_field
| unweaken_field
| MAKE_READ_ONLY operator
| MAKE_FIXED_LENGTH operator
| ENABLE_OPTIONS operator
| DISABLE_OPTIONS operator
| copy_fields
| delete
| SET_LENGTH '(' operator ',' operator ')'
| SET_CAPACITY '(' operator ',' operator ')'
| break_point
for_statement
: FOR '(' opt_operator ';' opt_operator ';' opt_operator ')' block
foreach_statement
: FOR var_decl '(' '@' operator ')' block
| FOR var_decl '(' '@' '{' operator '}' ')' block
while_statement
: WHILE '(' operator ')' block
switch_statement
: SWITCH '(' operator ')' switch_block
switch_block
: '{' opt_case_statements '}'
| '{' opt_case_statements default_statement '}'
opt_case_statements
: /* Empty */
| case_statements
case_statements
: case_statements case_statement
| case_statement
case_statement
: CASE operator ':' block
| CASE operator ':'
default_statement
: DEFAULT ':' block
| DEFAULT ':'
if_require_statement
: IF '(' require ')' block
| IF '(' require ')' block ELSE blockWe’re still deep in the parser grammar, so here’s the rest of the productions in all their exact, iconic glory — every line stays, no cap:
if_statement
: IF '(' operator ')' block else_statement
| UNLESS '(' operator ')' block else_statement
else_statement
: /* NULL */
| ELSE block
| ELSIF '(' operator ')' block else_statement
block
: '{' opt_statements '}'
eval_block
: EVAL block
var_decl
: MY var ':' type
| MY var
var
: VAR_NAME
opt_operators
: /* Empty */
| operators
opt_operator
: /* Empty */
| operator
operator
: var
| EXCEPTION_VAR
| CONSTANT
| UNDEF
| type_cast
| new
| var_decl
| EVAL_ERROR_ID
| ARGS_WIDTH
| TRUE
| FALSE
| OUTMOST_CLASS_NAME
| unary_operator
| binary_operator
| ternary_operator
| assign
| inc
| dec
| type_check
| BASIC_TYPE_ID type
| can
| array_init
| array_element_access
| field_access
| hash_value_access
| isweak_field
| call_method
| sequential
| exists
| caller
sequential
: '(' operators ')'
| '(' operators ',' if_statement ',' operator ')'
operators
: operators ',' operator
| operators ','
| operator
unary_operator
: '+' operator %prec PLUS
| '-' operator %prec MINUS
| BIT_NOT operator
| TYPE_NAME operator
| COMPILE_TYPE_NAME operator
| STRING_LENGTH operator
| DUMP operator
| DEREFERENCE var
| REFERENCE operator
| NEW_STRING_LEN operator
| COPY operator
| IS_READ_ONLY operator
| IS_FIXED_LENGTH operator
| array_length
| ADDRESS operator
| IS_OPTIONS operator
| CAPACITY operator
array_length
: '@' operator
| '@' '{' operator '}'
| SCALAR '@' operator
| SCALAR '@' '{' operator '}'
inc
: INC operator
| operator INC
dec
: DEC operator
| operator DEC
binary_operator
: arithmetic_operator
| bit_operator
| comparison_operator
| string_concatenation
| logical_operator
| defined_or
arithmetic_operator
: operator '+' operator
| operator '-' operator
| operator '*' operator
| operator DIVIDE operator
| operator DIVIDE_UNSIGNED_INT operator
| operator DIVIDE_UNSIGNED_LONG operator
| operator MODULO operator
| operator MODULO_UNSIGNED_INT operator
| operator MODULO_UNSIGNED_LONG operator
ternary_operator
: operator '?' operator ':' operator
bit_operator
: operator BIT_XOR operator
| operator BIT_AND operator
| operator BIT_OR operator
| operator SHIFT operator
comparison_operator
: operator NUMEQ operator
| operator NUMNE operator
| operator NUMGT operator
| operator NUMGE operator
| operator NUMLT operator
| operator NUMLE operator
| operator NUMERIC_CMP operator
| operator STREQ operator
| operator STRNE operator
| operator STRGT operator
| operator STRGE operator
| operator STRLT operator
| operator STRLE operator
| operator STRING_CMP operator
string_concatenation
: operator '.' operator
logical_operator
: operator LOGICAL_OR operator
| operator LOGICAL_AND operator
| LOGICAL_NOT operator
defined_or
: operator DEFINED_OR operator
type_check
: operator ISA runtime_type
| operator ISA_ERROR runtime_type
| operator IS_TYPE runtime_type
| operator IS_ERROR runtime_type
| operator IS_COMPILE_TYPE type
type_cast
: '(' type ')' operator %prec CONVERT
| operator ARROW '(' type ')' %prec CONVERT
can
: operator CAN method_name
| operator CAN CONSTANT
assign
: operator ASSIGN operator
| operator SPECIAL_ASSIGN operator
new
: NEW basic_type
| NEW array_type_with_length
| anon_method
array_init
: '[' opt_operators ']'
| '{' operators '}'
| '{' '}'
call_method
: OUTMOST_CLASS SYMBOL_NAME '(' opt_operators ')'
| OUTMOST_CLASS SYMBOL_NAME
| basic_type ARROW method_name '(' opt_operators ')'
| basic_type ARROW method_name
| operator ARROW method_name '(' opt_operators ')'
| operator ARROW method_name
| operator ARROW '(' opt_operators ')'
array_element_access
: operator ARROW '[' operator ']'
| array_element_access '[' operator ']'
| field_access '[' operator ']'
| hash_value_access '[' operator ']'
field_access
: operator ARROW '{' field_name '}'
| array_element_access '{' field_name '}'
| field_access '{' field_name '}'
| hash_value_access '{' field_name '}'
hash_value_access
: operator ARROW '{' operator '}'
| array_element_access '{' operator '}'
| field_access '{' operator '}'
| hash_value_access '{' operator '}'
weaken_field
: WEAKEN var ARROW '{' field_name '}'
unweaken_field
: UNWEAKEN var ARROW '{' field_name '}'
isweak_field
: ISWEAK var ARROW '{' field_name '}'
warn
: WARN operator
| WARN
warn_level
: WARN_LEVEL operator ',' operator
copy_fields
: COPY_FIELDS operator ',' operator ',' type
exists
: EXISTS var ARROW '{' field_name '}'
delete
: DELETE var ARROW '{' field_name '}'
caller
: CALLER
| CALLER operator
break_point
: BREAK_POINT🎀 Grammer Token 🎀
These are the tokens for Grammer in grammer — yeah, that spelling is the whole vibe, don’t come for it 🫶.
✨ Operator Precidence ✨
The operator precidence in the SPVM language is described using GNU Bison (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_Bison) syntax.
Bottom = highest precidence, top = lowest precidence, periodt. 💅
%left <opval> ',' FATCAMMA
%right <opval> ASSIGN SPECIAL_ASSIGN
%right <oval> '?' ':'
%left <opval> LOGICAL_OR DEFINED_OR
%left <opval> LOGICAL_AND
%left <opval> BIT_OR BIT_XOR
%left <opval> BIT_AND
%nonassoc <opval> NUMEQ NUMNE STREQ STRNE
%nonassoc <opval> NUMGT NUMGE NUMLT NUMLE STRGT STRGE STRLT STRLE ISA ISA_ERROR IS_TYPE IS_ERROR IS_COMPILE_TYPE NUMERIC_CMP STRING_CMP CAN
%left <opval> SHIFT
%left <opval> '+' '-' '.'
%left <opval> '*' DIVIDE DIVIDE_UNSIGNED_INT DIVIDE_UNSIGNED_LONG MODULO MODULO_UNSIGNED_INT MODULO_UNSIGNED_LONG
%right <opval> LOGICAL_NOT BIT_NOT '@' REFERENCE DEREFERENCE PLUS MINUS CONVERT SCALAR STRING_LENGTH ISWEAK TYPE_NAME COMPILE_TYPE_NAME DUMP NEW_STRING_LEN IS_READ_ONLY COPY
%nonassoc <opval> INC DEC
%left <opval> ARROW
%nonassoc <opval> ')'
%left <opval> '('
%left <opval> '[' '{'The operator precidence can be increased using () — lowkey a glow-up for your expression 💖:
# a * b is calculated at first
a * b + c
# b + c is calculated at first
a * (b + c)🌈 See Also 🌈
SPVM::Document::Language::TokenizationSPVM::Document::LanguageSPVM::Document
💖 Copyright & License 💖
Copyright (c) 2023 Yuki Kimoto
MIT License
This iconic page came from perl v5.42.2, dated 2026-02-03, and its name is SPVM::D...xParsing(3) — catch you on the flip side, bestie 💅✨
📦 where this page comes from
- alpine 3.24: spvm-doc 0.990125-r0 · MIT
- 💖 girlified by deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-V4.1-Flash-1017 on : a language model's rewrite of the original, under its terms