Image::...MIEUnits(3)

📦
version 13.50 · 14 versions
, in fedora 43, fedora 44

✨ NAME ✨

okay so bestie, you're reading Image::...MIEUnits(3) — User Contributed Perl Documentation 💖 and it's the manual for Image::ExifTool::MIEUnits, aka the MIE units documentation. periodt. main character energy only ✨

🌸 DESCRIPTION 🌸

The MIE format is lowkey iconic: it lets you specify units of measurement in brackets at the end of a MIE tag name, like "Volume(m3)". This doc describes the standard MIE units abbreviations. slay. it's giving organized metadata realness 💅

🦋 SYNTAX 🦋

The units string can contain any ASCII characters in the range 0x21 ('!') to 0x7d ('}'), except the bracket characters 0x28 and 0x29. An empty string is allowed, and it means a dimensionless value. Standard units should be used where possible. In the standard units, an underline (_) is used to indicate a subscript, and multiple words may be separated with a hyphen (-). iykyk ✨

Exponents should be positive, and they require no separator (eg. "m2" for square meters). Prefixes may be added to the standard units (eg. "cm") except when the resulting name conflicts with another standard unit. no cap 🫶

Multiplication is indicated by ., and division by /. Reciprocal units (ie. the multiplicative inverse) are obtained through division rather than the use of negative exponents (eg. "/in", not "in-1"). In MIE units, multiplication has precedence over division, so everything to the right of a / is in the denominator. (See "EXAMPLES" for a few examples.) fr fr 🌸

Below is a table summarizing the special characters used in MIE units strings. vibe check table incoming 🌈

  • . — multiplication
  • / — division (used for negative exponents)
  • - — word separator
  • _ — subscript
  • {} — annotation
  • [] — used to avoid name conflicts if necessary
  • 0-9 — exponentiation

🌈 STANDARD UNITS 🌈

okay bestie, this is the list — every unit UCUM knows about, with its category in the parentheses so you know what kind of quantity you're dealing with. no skipping, we're going through all of them 💅

✨ dimensionless ✨

  • [G] — Newtonian constant of gravitation (unclassified)
  • [g] — standard acceleration of free fall (acceleration)
  • [h] — Planck constant (action)
  • [k] — Boltzmann constant (unclassified)
  • {cfu} — colony forming units (number)
  • {rbc} — red blood cell count (number) 🩸
  • {tbl} — tablets (number)
  • {tot} — particles total count (number)
  • % — percent (fraction)
  • 10^N — the number ten for arbitrary powers (number)
  • A — Ampere (electric current)
  • a — year (time)
  • a_g — mean Gregorian year (time)
  • a_j — mean Julian year (time)
  • a_t — tropical year (time)
  • acr — acre, U.S. (area)
  • acr_br — acre, British (area)
  • Ao — Angstrom (length)
  • APL-U — APL unit (biologic activity of anticardiolipin IgA)
  • ar — are (area)
  • arb-U — arbitrary unit (arbitrary)
  • arcmin — minute of arc (plane angle)
  • arcsec — second of arc (plane angle)
  • atm — standard atmosphere (pressure)
  • att — technical atmosphere (pressure)
  • AU — astronomic unit (length)
  • b — barn (action area)
  • B — bel (level)
  • B-kW — bel kilowatt (power level)
  • B-mV — bel millivolt (electric potential level)
  • B-SPL — bel sound pressure (pressure level)
  • B-uV — bel microvolt (electric potential level)
  • B-V — bel volt (electric potential level)
  • B-W — bel watt (power level)
  • bar — bar (pressure)
  • bbl — barrel (fluid volume)
  • Bd — baud (signal transmission rate)
  • bdsk-U — Bodansky unit (biologic activity of phosphatase)
  • beth-U — Bethesda unit (biologic activity of factor VIII inhibitor)
  • bf — board foot (volume)
  • Bi — Biot (electric current)
  • bit — bit (amount of information) 💖
  • Bq — Becquerel (radioactivity)
  • Btu — British thermal unit (energy)
  • Btu_39 — British thermal unit at 39 degF (energy)
  • Btu_59 — British thermal unit at 59 degF (energy)
  • Btu_60 — British thermal unit at 60 degF (energy)
  • Btu_IT — international table British thermal unit (energy)
  • Btu_m — mean British thermal unit (energy)
  • Btu_th — thermochemical British thermal unit (energy)
  • bu — bushel, U.S. (dry volume)
  • bu_br — bushel, British (volume)
  • By — byte (amount of information) ⭐
  • C — Coulomb (electric charge)
  • c — velocity of light (velocity)
  • cal — calorie (energy)
  • Cal — nutrition label Calories (energy)
  • cal_15 — calorie at 15 degC (energy)
  • cal_20 — calorie at 20 degC (energy)
  • cal_IT — international table calorie (energy)
  • cal_m — mean calorie (energy)
  • cal_th — thermochemical calorie (energy)
  • car_Au — carat of gold alloys (mass fraction)
  • car_m — metric carat (mass)
  • cd — candela (luminous intensity)
  • Cel — degree Celsius (temperature)
  • Ch — Charriere (gauge of catheters)
  • ch — Gunter's chain, U.S. (length)
  • ch_br — Gunter's chain, British (length)
  • Ci — Curie (radioactivity)
  • cicero — cicero (length)
  • circ — circle (plane angle)
  • cml — circular mil, international (area)
  • cr — cord, international (volume)
  • crd_us — cord, U.S. (fluid volume)
  • cup_us — cup (volume) 🍓
  • d — day (time)
  • deg — degree (plane angle)
  • deg{mag} — degree from magnetic north (plane angle)
  • degF — degree Fahrenheit (temperature)
  • didot — didot (length)
  • diop — diopter (refraction of a lens)
  • dpt — dry pint, U.S. (dry volume)
  • dqt — dry quart, U.S. (dry volume)
  • dr — dram (mass)
  • dr_ap — dram, apothecary (mass)
  • drp — drop (volume) 💧
  • dye-U — Dye unit (biologic activity of amylase)
  • dyn — dyne (force)
  • e — elementary charge (electric charge)
  • eps_0 — permittivity of vacuum (electric permittivity)
  • eq — equivalents (amount of substance)
  • erg — erg (energy)
  • eV — electronvolt (energy)
  • F — Farad (electric capacitance)
  • fdr — fluid dram, U.S. (fluid volume)
  • fdr_br — fluid dram, British (volume)
  • foz — fluid ounce, U.S. (fluid volume)
  • foz_br — fluid ounce, British (volume)
  • ft — foot, international (length)
  • ft_br — foot, British (length)
  • ft_us — foot, U.S. (length)
  • fth — fathom, international (length)
  • fth_br — fathom, British (length)
  • fth_us — fathom, U.S. (length)
  • fur — furlong, U.S. (length)
  • G — Gauss (magnetic flux density)
  • g — gram (mass)
  • g.m/{H-B} — gram meter per heartbeat (prop. to ventricular stroke work)
  • g% — gram percent (mass fraction)
  • Gal — Gal (acceleration)
  • gal — gallon, U.S. (fluid volume)
  • gal_br — gallon, British (volume)
  • gal_wi — historical winchester gallon (dry volume)
  • Gb — Gilbert (magnetic tension)
  • gf — gram-force (force)
  • gil — gill, U.S. (fluid volume)
  • gil_br — gill, British (volume)
  • gon — gon (plane angle)
  • GPL-U — GPL unit (biologic activity of anticardiolipin IgG)
  • gr — grain (mass)
  • Gy — Gray (energy dose)
  • H — Henry (inductance)
  • h — hour (time)
  • hd — hand, international (height of horses) 🐴
  • hnsf-U — Hounsfield unit (x-ray attenuation)
  • HP — horsepower (power)
  • hp_C — homeopathic potency of centesimal series (homeopathic potency)
  • hp_X — homeopathic potency of decimal series (homeopathic potency)
  • HPF — high power field (view area in microscope)
  • Hz — Hertz (frequency)
  • in — inch, international (length)
  • in_br — inch, British (length)
  • in_us — inch, U.S. (length)
  • in-H2O — inch of water column (pressure)
  • in-Hg — inch of mercury column (pressure)
  • iU — international unit (arbitrary)
  • J — Joule (energy)
  • K — Kelvin (temperature)
  • ka-U — King-Armstrong unit (biologic activity of phosphatase)
  • kat — katal (catalytic activity)
  • kg{wet-tis} — kilogram of wet tissue (mass)
  • kn — knot, international (velocity)
  • kn_br — knot, British (velocity)
  • knk-U — Kunkel unit (arbitrary biologic activity)
  • Ky — Kayser (lineic number)
  • l — liter (volume)
  • L — liter (volume)
  • lb — pound (mass)
  • lb_ap — pound, apothecary (mass)
  • lb_tr — pound, troy (mass)
  • lbf — pound force (force)
  • lcwt — long hunderdweight (mass)
  • ligne — ligne (length)
  • lk — link for Gunter's chain, U.S. (length)
  • lk_br — link for Gunter's chain, British (length)
  • lm — lumen (luminous flux)
  • Lmb — Lambert (brightness)
  • lne — line (length)
  • LPF — low power field (view area in microscope)
  • lton — long ton (mass)
  • lx — lux (illuminance)
  • ly — light-year (length)
  • m — meter (length)
  • m_e — electron mass (mass)
  • m_p — proton mass (mass)
  • m-H2O — meter of water column (pressure)
  • m-Hg — meter of mercury column (pressure)
  • mclg-U — Mac Lagan unit (arbitrary biologic activity)
  • mesh — mesh, international (lineic number)
  • MET — metabolic equivalent (metabolic cost of physical activity)
  • mg{creat} — milligram of creatinine (mass)
  • mho — mho (electric conductance)
  • mi — mile, international (statute mile) (length)
  • mi_br — mile, British (length)
  • mi_us — mile, U.S. (length)
  • mil — mil, international (length)
  • mil_us — mil, U.S. (length)
  • min — minute (time)
  • min_br — minim, British (volume)
  • min_us — minim, U.S. (fluid volume)
  • mo — month (time)
  • mo_g — mean Gregorian month (time)
  • mo_j — mean Julian month (time)
  • mo_s — synodal month (time)
  • mol — mole (amount of substance)
  • MPL-U — MPL unit (biologic activity of anticardiolipin IgM)
  • mu_0 — permeability of vacuum (magnetic permeability)
  • Mx — Maxwell (flux of magnetic induction)
  • N — Newton (force)
  • nmi — nautical mile, international (length)
  • nmi_br — nautical mile, British (length)
  • Np — neper (level)
  • Oe — Oersted (magnetic field intensity)
  • Ohm — Ohm (electric resistance)
  • osm — osmole of dissolved particles (amount of substance)
  • oz — ounce (mass)
  • oz_ap — ounce, apothecary (mass)
  • oz_tr — ounce, troy (mass)
  • P — Poise (dynamic viscosity)
  • Pa — Pascal (pressure)
  • pc — parsec (length)
  • pc_br — pace (length)
  • pca — pica (length)
  • pca_pr — Printer's pica (length)
  • pH — pH (acidity)
  • ph — phot (illuminance)
  • pi — the number pi (number)
  • pied — pied (length)
  • pk — peck, U.S. (dry volume)
  • pk_br — peck, British (volume)
  • pnt — point (length)
  • pnt_pr — Printer's point (length)
  • pouce — pouce (length)
  • ppb — parts per billion (fraction)
  • ppm — parts per million (fraction)
  • ppth — parts per thousand (fraction)
  • pptr — parts per trillion (fraction)
  • PRU — peripheral vascular resistance unit (fluid resistance)
  • psi — pound per square inch (pressure)
  • pt — pint, U.S. (fluid volume)
  • pt_br — pint, British (volume)
  • pwt_tr — pennyweight (mass)
  • qt — quart, U.S. (fluid volume)
  • qt_br — quart, British (volume)
  • R — Roentgen (ion dose)
  • rad — radian (plane angle)
  • RAD — radiation absorbed dose (energy dose)
  • rch — Ramden's chain, U.S. (length)
  • rd — rod, U.S. (length)
  • rd_br — rod, British (length)
  • REM — radiation equivalent man (dose equivalent)
  • rlk_us — link for Ramden's chain (length)
  • s — second (time)
  • S — Siemens (electric conductance)
  • sb — stilb (lum. intensity density)
  • sc_ap — scruple, apothecary (mass)
  • sct — section (area)
  • scwt — short hundredweight (mass)
  • smgy-U — Somogyi unit (biologic activity of amylase)
  • sph — spere (solid angle)
  • sr — streadian (solid angle)
  • st — stere (volume)
  • St — Stokes (kinematic viscosity)
  • ston — short ton (mass)
  • stone — stone (mass)
  • Sv — Sievert, the dose-equivalent girly 💜
  • Sv-U — Svedberg unit, for sedimentation coefficient
  • T — Tesla, magnetic flux density ✨
  • t — tonne, that's mass bestie
  • tb-U — tuberculin unit, biologic activity of tuberculin
  • tbs — tablespoon, U.S. version, volume
  • todd-U — Todd unit, biologic activity antistreptolysin O (yes it's a whole mouthful, slay)
  • tsp — teaspoon, U.S. version, volume
  • twp — township, area
  • u — unified atomic mass unit, mass
  • U — Unit, catalytic activity
  • USP-U — U.S. Pharmacopeia unit, it's giving arbitrary ngl
  • V — Volt, electric potential ⚡
  • W — Watt, power
  • Wb — Weber, magnetic flux
  • wk — week, time (the longest unit, lowkey)
  • yd — yard, international flavor, length
  • yd_br — yard, British flavor, length
  • yd_us — yard, U.S. flavor, length

✨ PREFIXES ✨

Okay so these are the little letters that go in front of your units to scale them. Standard SI prefixes, all of them, no skips:

y           yocto (10^-24)
z           zepto (10^-21)
a           atto  (10^-18)
f           femto (10^-15)
p           pico  (10^-12)
n           nano  (10^-9)
u           micro (10^-6)
m           milli (10^-3)
c           centi (10^-2)
d           deci  (10^-1)
da          deka  (10)
h           hecto (10^2)
k           kilo  (10^3)
G           giga  (10^9)
M           mega  (10^6)
T           tera  (10^12)
P           peta  (10^15)
E           exa   (10^18)
Z           zetta (10^21)
Y           yotta (10^24)

And the binary power prefixes, the computer-girl ones 💻✨:

Ki          kibi  (2^10)
Mi          mebi  (2^20)
Gi          gibi  (2^30)
Ti          tebi  (2^40)

🌈 EXAMPLES 🌈

A few examples of combined units strings, because seeing it in action hits different:

/cm3        per cubic centimeter
in2         square inches
kg.m/s2     Newtons (N)
m3/kg.s2    units of [G]
10^100      googols
Not me about to type 10^100 just to feel something 🫶

📜 HISTORY 📜

2006-12-14 - PH Created

👑 AUTHOR 👑

Copyright 2003-2026, Phil Harvey (philharvey66 at gmail.com)

This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.

🔗 REFERENCES 🔗

🌸 SEE ALSO 🌸

And that's the whole page bestie, you made it to the end 🎀 this was perl v5.42.1, dated 2026-03-31, and it's the Image::...MIEUnits(3) page from the Perl User Contributed docs — go forth and measure literally anything, periodt 💅💖

📦 where this page comes from