DateTim...e::dz_BT(3)

🌸 NAME 🌸

Okay bestie, so DateTime::Locale::dz_BT is literally the locale data examples for the Dzongkha Bhutan locale — a.k.a. dz-BT, iykyk. That's it, that's the whole name. 💅

✨ DESCRIPTION ✨

This pod file is basically a lookbook, fr fr — it contains examples of the locale data available for the Dzongkha Bhutan locale. Not a tutorial, just a showcase. Enjoy the vibes. 🦋

🎀 Days 🎀

Seven of them, obviously, and they come in six different flavours. Here we go.

Wide (format)

The full-glam version, as used inside formatted dates:

གཟའ་མག་དམར་
གཟའ་ལག་པ་
གཟའ་ཕར་བ་
གཟའ་པ་སངས་
གཟའ་སན་པ་
གཟའ་ཉ་མ་
གཟའ་ཟ་བ་

Abbreviated (format)

Shorter, cuter, same energy:

མར་
ལག་
ཕར་
སངས་
སན་
ཉ་
ཟ་

Narrow (format)

Tiny little icons, basically. Note that these are single characters so they can look reaaally similar — do not mix them up, bestie 😭

མར
ལག
ཕར
སངྶ
སན
ཉི
ཟླ

Wide (stand-alone)

Same wide names, but standing on their own (like in a calendar header) instead of inside a date:

གཟའ་མག་དམར་
གཟའ་ལག་པ་
གཟའ་ཕར་བ་
གཟའ་པ་སངས་
གཟའ་སན་པ་
གཟའ་ཉ་མ་
གཟའ་ཟ་བ་

Abbreviated (stand-alone)

The short ones, standing alone:

མར་
ལག་
ཕར་
སངས་
སན་
ཉ་
ཟ་

Narrow (stand-alone)

The tiny ones, standing alone:

མར
ལག
ཕར
སངྶ
སན
ཉི
ཟླ

🌈 Months 🌈

Twelve months, six variants. She's consistent, she's committed. 👑

Wide (format)

ཟ་དངཔ་
ཟ་གཉས་པ་
ཟ་གསམ་པ་
ཟ་བཞ་པ་
ཟ་ལ་པ་
ཟ་དག་པ
ཟ་བདན་པ་
ཟ་བརད་པ་
ཟ་དག་པ་
ཟ་བཅ་པ་
ཟ་བཅ་གཅག་པ་
ཟ་བཅ་གཉས་པ་
Heads up: month six is ཟ་དག་པ and month nine is ཟ་དག་པ་ — yes, they look almost identical, and yes, one has that trailing tsheg and one doesn't. That's not me being sloppy, that's literally the data. 🫶

Abbreviated (format)

Numbers, and look — they're not all Tibetan digits, some are plain old ASCII. Iconic chaos:

༡
༢
༣
༤
༥
༦
༧
༨
༩
༡༠
༡༡
12

Narrow (format)

Even more of a mix. 4 and 9 are Latin digits here, everything else is Tibetan. No cap, that's just how it is:

༡
༢
༣
4
༥
༦
༧
༨
9
༡༠
༡༡
༡༢

Wide (stand-alone)

ས་ཟ་དངཔ་
ས་ཟ་གཉས་པ་
ས་ཟ་གསམ་པ་
ས་ཟ་བཞ་པ
ས་ཟ་ལ་པ་
ས་ཟ་དག་པ
ས་ཟ་བདན་པ་
ས་ཟ་བརད་པ་
ས་ཟ་དག་པ་
ས་ཟ་བཅ་པ་
ས་ཟ་བཅ་གཅག་པ་
ས་ཟ་བཅ་གཉས་པ་

Abbreviated (stand-alone)

Now the ཟ་ prefix is out front, which, slay:

ཟ་༡
ཟ་༢
ཟ་༣
ཟ་༤
ཟ་༥
ཟ་༦
ཟ་༧
ཟ་༨
ཟ་༩
ཟ་༡༠
ཟ་༡༡
ཟ་༡༢

Narrow (stand-alone)

All Tibetan digits this time. Glow-up ✨

༡
༢
༣
༤
༥
༦
༧
༨
༩
༡༠
༡༡
༡༢

💖 Quarters 💖

Four of them. Four flavours. We love a tidy section.

Wide (format)

བཞ་དཔ་དང་པ་
བཞ་དཔ་གཉས་པ་
བཞ་དཔ་གསམ་པ་
བཞ་དཔ་བཞ་པ་

Abbreviated (format)

བཞ་དཔ་༡
བཞ་དཔ་༢
བཞ་དཔ་༣
བཞ་དཔ་༤

Narrow (format)

༡
༢
༣
༤

Wide (stand-alone)

བཞ་དཔ་དང་པ་
བཞ་དཔ་གཉས་པ་
བཞ་དཔ་གསམ་པ་
བཞ་དཔ་བཞ་པ་

Abbreviated (stand-alone)

བཞ་དཔ་༡
བཞ་དཔ་༢
བཞ་དཔ་༣
བཞ་དཔ་༤

Narrow (stand-alone)

༡
༢
༣
༤

🦋 Eras 🦋

Two eras, and honestly they didn't bother translating them. BCE and CE, all day, in every width:

Wide (format)

BCE
CE

Abbreviated (format)

BCE
CE

Narrow (format)

BCE
CE

⭐ Date Formats ⭐

Now we get to the good stuff — actual formatted dates, so you can see how it all comes together. Every example uses the same three timestamps so you can compare across widths:

2008-02-05T18:30:30
1995-12-22T09:05:02
-0010-09-15T04:44:23

Full

2008-02-05T18:30:30 = གཟའ་ལག་པ་, ས་ལ་2008 ཟ་གཉས་པ་ ཚས་05
1995-12-22T09:05:02 = གཟའ་སན་པ་, ས་ལ་1995 ཟ་བཅ་གཉས་པ་ ཚས་22
-0010-09-15T04:44:23 = གཟའ་ཉ་མ་, ས་ལ་-10 ཟ་དག་པ་ ཚས་15

Long

2008-02-05T18:30:30 = ས་ལ་2008 ཟ་གཉས་པ་ ཚས་ 05
1995-12-22T09:05:02 = ས་ལ་1995 ཟ་བཅ་གཉས་པ་ ཚས་ 22
-0010-09-15T04:44:23 = ས་ལ་-10 ཟ་དག་པ་ ཚས་ 15

Medium

2008-02-05T18:30:30 = ས་ལ་2008 ཟ་༢ ཚས་05
1995-12-22T09:05:02 = ས་ལ་1995 ཟ་12 ཚས་22
-0010-09-15T04:44:23 = ས་ལ་-10 ཟ་༩ ཚས་15

Short

2008-02-05T18:30:30 = 2008-02-05
1995-12-22T09:05:02 = 1995-12-22
-0010-09-15T04:44:23 = -10-09-15

🧚 Time Formats 🧚

Same drill, but times. Note that Full and Long are literally identical here — not a typo, that's the data, bestie. 🙈

Full

2008-02-05T18:30:30 = ཆ་ཚད་ 6 སར་མ་ 30:30 ཕ་ཆ་ UTC
1995-12-22T09:05:02 = ཆ་ཚད་ 9 སར་མ་ 05:02 ས་ཆ་ UTC
-0010-09-15T04:44:23 = ཆ་ཚད་ 4 སར་མ་ 44:23 ས་ཆ་ UTC

Long

2008-02-05T18:30:30 = ཆ་ཚད་ 6 སར་མ་ 30:30 ཕ་ཆ་ UTC
1995-12-22T09:05:02 = ཆ་ཚད་ 9 སར་མ་ 05:02 ས་ཆ་ UTC
-0010-09-15T04:44:23 = ཆ་ཚད་ 4 སར་མ་ 44:23 ས་ཆ་ UTC

Medium

2008-02-05T18:30:30 = ཆ་ཚད་6:30:30 ཕ་ཆ་
1995-12-22T09:05:02 = ཆ་ཚད་9:05:02 ས་ཆ་
-0010-09-15T04:44:23 = ཆ་ཚད་4:44:23 ས་ཆ་

Short

2008-02-05T18:30:30 = ཆ་ཚད་ 6 སར་མ་ 30 ཕ་ཆ་
1995-12-22T09:05:02 = ཆ་ཚད་ 9 སར་མ་ 05 ས་ཆ་
-0010-09-15T04:44:23 = ཆ་ཚད་ 4 སར་མ་ 44 ས་ཆ་

👑 Datetime Formats 👑

Date plus time, glued together. This is main character energy right here. ⭐

Full

2008-02-05T18:30:30 = གཟའ་ལག་པ་, ས་ལ་2008 ཟ་གཉས་པ་ ཚས་05 ཆ་ཚད་ 6 སར་མ་ 30:30 ཕ་ཆ་ UTC
1995-12-22T09:05:02 = གཟའ་སན་པ་, ས་ལ་1995 ཟ་བཅ་གཉས་པ་ ཚས་22 ཆ་ཚད་ 9 སར་མ་ 05:02 ས་ཆ་ UTC
-0010-09-15T04:44:23 = གཟའ་ཉ་མ་, ས་ལ་-10 ཟ་དག་པ་ ཚས་15 ཆ་ཚད་ 4 སར་མ་ 44:23 ས་ཆ་ UTC

Long

2008-02-05T18:30:30 = ས་ལ་2008 ཟ་གཉས་པ་ ཚས་ 05 ཆ་ཚད་ 6 སར་མ་ 30:30 ཕ་ཆ་ UTC
1995-12-22T09:05:02 = ས་ལ་1995 ཟ་བཅ་གཉས་པ་ ཚས་ 22 ཆ་ཚད་ 9 སར་མ་ 05:02 ས་ཆ་ UTC
-0010-09-15T04:44:23 = ས་ལ་-10 ཟ་དག་པ་ ཚས་ 15 ཆ་ཚད་ 4 སར་མ་ 44:23 ས་ཆ་ UTC

Medium

2008-02-05T18:30:30 = ས་ལ་2008 ཟ་༢ ཚས་05 ཆ་ཚད་6:30:30 ཕ་ཆ་
1995-12-22T09:05:02 = ས་ལ་1995 ཟ་12 ཚས་22 ཆ་ཚད་9:05:02 ས་ཆ་
-0010-09-15T04:44:23 = ས་ལ་-10 ཟ་༩ ཚས་15 ཆ་ཚད་4:44:23 ས་ཆ་

Short

2008-02-05T18:30:30 = 2008-02-05 ཆ་ཚད་ 6 སར་མ་ 30 ཕ་ཆ་
1995-12-22T09:05:02 = 1995-12-22 ཆ་ཚད་ 9 སར་མ་ 05 ས་ཆ་
-0010-09-15T04:44:23 = -10-09-15 ཆ་ཚད་ 4 སར་མ་ 44 ས་ཆ་

💜 Available Formats 💜

Every single named pattern this locale ships with, plus what it actually spits out for our three test timestamps. Buckle up, there's a lot of them. 🎀

Bh (h B)

2008-02-05T18:30:30 = 6 B
1995-12-22T09:05:02 = 9 B
-0010-09-15T04:44:23 = 4 B

Bhm (h:mm B)

2008-02-05T18:30:30 = 6:30 B
1995-12-22T09:05:02 = 9:05 B
-0010-09-15T04:44:23 = 4:44 B

Bhms (h:mm:ss B)

2008-02-05T18:30:30 = 6:30:30 B
1995-12-22T09:05:02 = 9:05:02 B
-0010-09-15T04:44:23 = 4:44:23 B

E (ccc)

2008-02-05T18:30:30 = ལག་
1995-12-22T09:05:02 = སན་
-0010-09-15T04:44:23 = ཉ་

EBhm (E h:mm B)

2008-02-05T18:30:30 = ལག་ 6:30 B
1995-12-22T09:05:02 = སན་ 9:05 B
-0010-09-15T04:44:23 = ཉ་ 4:44 B

EBhms (E h:mm:ss B)

2008-02-05T18:30:30 = ལག་ 6:30:30 B
1995-12-22T09:05:02 = སན་ 9:05:02 B
-0010-09-15T04:44:23 = ཉ་ 4:44:23 B

EHm (E HH:mm)

2008-02-05T18:30:30 = ལག་ 18:30
1995-12-22T09:05:02 = སན་ 09:05
-0010-09-15T04:44:23 = ཉ་ 04:44

EHms (E HH:mm:ss)

2008-02-05T18:30:30 = ལག་ 18:30:30
1995-12-22T09:05:02 = སན་ 09:05:02
-0010-09-15T04:44:23 = ཉ་ 04:44:23

Ed (d E)

2008-02-05T18:30:30 = 5 ལག་
1995-12-22T09:05:02 = 22 སན་
-0010-09-15T04:44:23 = 15 ཉ་

Ehm (E h:mm a)

2008-02-05T18:30:30 = ལག་ 6:30 ཕ་ཆ་
1995-12-22T09:05:02 = སན་ 9:05 ས་ཆ་
-0010-09-15T04:44:23 = ཉ་ 4:44 ས་ཆ་

Ehms (E h:mm:ss a)

2008-02-05T18:30:30 = ལག་ 6:30:30 ཕ་ཆ་
1995-12-22T09:05:02 = སན་ 9:05:02 ས་ཆ་
-0010-09-15T04:44:23 = ཉ་ 4:44:23 ས་ཆ་

Gy (G y)

2008-02-05T18:30:30 = CE 2008
1995-12-22T09:05:02 = CE 1995
-0010-09-15T04:44:23 = BCE -10

GyMMM (G y ས་ཟ་MMM)

2008-02-05T18:30:30 = CE 2008 ས་ཟ་༢
1995-12-22T09:05:02 = CE 1995 ས་ཟ་12
-0010-09-15T04:44:23 = BCE -10 ས་ཟ་༩

GyMMMEd (གཟའ་E, G ལy ཟ་MMM ཚ་d)

2008-02-05T18:30:30 = གཟའ་ལག་, CE ལ2008 ཟ་༢ ཚ་5
1995-12-22T09:05:02 = གཟའ་སན་, CE ལ1995 ཟ་12 ཚ་22
-0010-09-15T04:44:23 = གཟའ་ཉ་, BCE ལ-10 ཟ་༩ ཚ་15

GyMMMd (G y MMM d)

2008-02-05T18:30:30 = CE 2008 ༢ 5
1995-12-22T09:05:02 = CE 1995 12 22
-0010-09-15T04:44:23 = BCE -10 ༩ 15

GyMd (GGGGG y-MM-dd)

2008-02-05T18:30:30 = CE 2008-02-05
1995-12-22T09:05:02 = CE 1995-12-22
-0010-09-15T04:44:23 = BCE -10-09-15

H (ཆ་ཚད་HH)

2008-02-05T18:30:30 = ཆ་ཚད་18
1995-12-22T09:05:02 = ཆ་ཚད་09
-0010-09-15T04:44:23 = ཆ་ཚད་04

Hm (HH:mm)

2008-02-05T18:30:30 = 18:30
1995-12-22T09:05:02 = 09:05
-0010-09-15T04:44:23 = 04:44

Hms (HH:mm:ss)

2008-02-05T18:30:30 = 18:30:30
1995-12-22T09:05:02 = 09:05:02
-0010-09-15T04:44:23 = 04:44:23

Hmsv (HH:mm:ss v)

2008-02-05T18:30:30 = 18:30:30 UTC
1995-12-22T09:05:02 = 09:05:02 UTC
-0010-09-15T04:44:23 = 04:44:23 UTC

Hmv (HH:mm v)

2008-02-05T18:30:30 = 18:30 UTC
1995-12-22T09:05:02 = 09:05 UTC
-0010-09-15T04:44:23 = 04:44 UTC

M (L)

2008-02-05T18:30:30 = 2
1995-12-22T09:05:02 = 12
-0010-09-15T04:44:23 = 9

MEd (E, M-d)

2008-02-05T18:30:30 = ལག་, 2-5
1995-12-22T09:05:02 = སན་, 12-22
-0010-09-15T04:44:23 = ཉ་, 9-15

MMM (ས་LLL)

Okay bestie, we're at MMM (ས་LLL) — and this is where part one of the page runs out. More coming in the next part, don't go anywhere. 🫶

The split landed right after a format label, so these are the leftover example lines for that one:

2008-02-05T18:30:30 = ས་ཟ་༢
1995-12-22T09:05:02 = ས་ཟ་༡༢
-0010-09-15T04:44:23 = ས་ཟ་༩
  • MMMEd (E, ས་LLL ཚ་d) — weekday + month + day, very much main character energy 💅
2008-02-05T18:30:30 = ལག་, ས་ཟ་༢ ཚ་5
1995-12-22T09:05:02 = སན་, ས་ཟ་༡༢ ཚ་22
-0010-09-15T04:44:23 = ཉ་, ས་ཟ་༩ ཚ་15
  • MMMW-count-other ('week' W 'of' MMMM) — week number plus month name, periodt 🗓️
2008-02-05T18:30:30 = week 1 of ཟ་གཉས་པ་
1995-12-22T09:05:02 = week 3 of ཟ་བཅ་གཉས་པ་
-0010-09-15T04:44:23 = week 2 of ཟ་དག་པ་
  • MMMMd (MMMM d) — month name + day, cute and simple 🎀
2008-02-05T18:30:30 = ཟ་གཉས་པ་ 5
1995-12-22T09:05:02 = ཟ་བཅ་གཉས་པ་ 22
-0010-09-15T04:44:23 = ཟ་དག་པ་ 15
  • MMMd (ས་LLL ཚ་d) — short month + day vibes 🌸
2008-02-05T18:30:30 = ས་ཟ་༢ ཚ་5
1995-12-22T09:05:02 = ས་ཟ་༡༢ ཚ་22
-0010-09-15T04:44:23 = ས་ཟ་༩ ཚ་15
  • Md (M-d) — numeric month-day, no notes needed 😌
2008-02-05T18:30:30 = 2-5
1995-12-22T09:05:02 = 12-22
-0010-09-15T04:44:23 = 9-15
  • d (d) — just the day, lowkey iconic ✨
2008-02-05T18:30:30 = 5
1995-12-22T09:05:02 = 22
-0010-09-15T04:44:23 = 15
  • h (ཆ་ཚད་h a) — hour with AM/PM-ish energy ⏰
2008-02-05T18:30:30 = ཆ་ཚད་6 ཕ་ཆ་
1995-12-22T09:05:02 = ཆ་ཚད་9 ས་ཆ་
-0010-09-15T04:44:23 = ཆ་ཚད་4 ས་ཆ་
  • hm (h:mm a) — hour + minute, clock bestie behavior 🕰️
2008-02-05T18:30:30 = 6:30 ཕ་ཆ་
1995-12-22T09:05:02 = 9:05 ས་ཆ་
-0010-09-15T04:44:23 = 4:44 ས་ཆ་
  • hms (h:mm:ss a) — hour + minute + second, fully serving precision 💫
2008-02-05T18:30:30 = 6:30:30 ཕ་ཆ་
1995-12-22T09:05:02 = 9:05:02 ས་ཆ་
-0010-09-15T04:44:23 = 4:44:23 ས་ཆ་
  • hmsv (h:mm:ss a v) — same as above but with UTC in the mix 🌍
2008-02-05T18:30:30 = 6:30:30 ཕ་ཆ་ UTC
1995-12-22T09:05:02 = 9:05:02 ས་ཆ་ UTC
-0010-09-15T04:44:23 = 4:44:23 ས་ཆ་ UTC
  • hmv (h:mm a v) — hour + minute + UTC, clock but make it global 🛰️
2008-02-05T18:30:30 = 6:30 ཕ་ཆ་ UTC
1995-12-22T09:05:02 = 9:05 ས་ཆ་ UTC
-0010-09-15T04:44:23 = 4:44 ས་ཆ་ UTC
  • ms (mm:ss) — minute + second, short and sweet 🍓
2008-02-05T18:30:30 = 30:30
1995-12-22T09:05:02 = 05:02
-0010-09-15T04:44:23 = 44:23
  • y (y) — year only, no extra commentary needed 👑
2008-02-05T18:30:30 = 2008
1995-12-22T09:05:02 = 1995
-0010-09-15T04:44:23 = -10
  • yM (y-M) — year + month, clean clean clean 🧼
2008-02-05T18:30:30 = 2008-2
1995-12-22T09:05:02 = 1995-12
-0010-09-15T04:44:23 = -10-9
  • yMEd (E, y-M-d) — weekday + full numeric date, very organized of it 📚
2008-02-05T18:30:30 = ལག་, 2008-2-5
1995-12-22T09:05:02 = སན་, 1995-12-22
-0010-09-15T04:44:23 = ཉ་, -10-9-15
  • yMMM (y ས་ཟ་MMM) — year + short month, cute little combo 🎀
2008-02-05T18:30:30 = 2008 ས་ཟ་༢
1995-12-22T09:05:02 = 1995 ས་ཟ་12
-0010-09-15T04:44:23 = -10 ས་ཟ་༩
  • yMMMEd (གཟའ་E, ལy ཟ་MMM ཚ་d) — weekday + year + month + day, the whole lil ensemble 💖
2008-02-05T18:30:30 = གཟའ་ལག་, ལ2008 ཟ་༢ ཚ་5
1995-12-22T09:05:02 = གཟའ་སན་, ལ1995 ཟ་12 ཚ་22
-0010-09-15T04:44:23 = གཟའ་ཉ་, ལ-10 ཟ་༩ ཚ་15
  • yMMMM (y MMMM) — year + full month name, elevated ✨
2008-02-05T18:30:30 = 2008 ཟ་གཉས་པ་
1995-12-22T09:05:02 = 1995 ཟ་བཅ་གཉས་པ་
-0010-09-15T04:44:23 = -10 ཟ་དག་པ་
  • yMMMd (y MMM d) — year + short month + day, chef’s kiss 🧑‍🍳
2008-02-05T18:30:30 = 2008 ༢ 5
1995-12-22T09:05:02 = 1995 12 22
-0010-09-15T04:44:23 = -10 ༩ 15
  • yMd (y-M-d) — full numeric date, no cap 🧮
2008-02-05T18:30:30 = 2008-2-5
1995-12-22T09:05:02 = 1995-12-22
-0010-09-15T04:44:23 = -10-9-15
  • yQQQ (y QQQ) — year + short quarter, quarterly slay 📊
2008-02-05T18:30:30 = 2008 བཞ་དཔ་༡
1995-12-22T09:05:02 = 1995 བཞ་དཔ་༤
-0010-09-15T04:44:23 = -10 བཞ་དཔ་༣
  • yQQQQ (y QQQQ) — year + full quarter name, doing the most in the best way 🌈
2008-02-05T18:30:30 = 2008 བཞ་དཔ་དང་པ་
1995-12-22T09:05:02 = 1995 བཞ་དཔ་བཞ་པ་
-0010-09-15T04:44:23 = -10 བཞ་དཔ་གསམ་པ་
  • yw-count-other ('week' w 'of' Y) — week number + year, week girlie reporting for duty 🗓️💅
2008-02-05T18:30:30 = week 6 of 2008
1995-12-22T09:05:02 = week 51 of 1995
-0010-09-15T04:44:23 = week 37 of -10

🌸 Miscellaneous 🌸

  • Prefers 24 hour time? No
  • Local first day of the week: 7 (གཟའ་ཟ་བ་)

⏰ Strftime Patterns ⏰

  • %c (པས་ལ%yཟལ%mཚས%dཆ་ཚད%Hཀསར་མ%Mཀསར་ཆ%S) — date time format 🕰️
2008-02-05T18:30:30 = པས་ལ08ཟལ02ཚས05ཆ་ཚད18ཀསར་མ30ཀསར་ཆ30
1995-12-22T09:05:02 = པས་ལ95ཟལ12ཚས22ཆ་ཚད09ཀསར་མ05ཀསར་ཆ02
-0010-09-15T04:44:23 = པས་ལ10ཟལ09ཚས15ཆ་ཚད04ཀསར་མ44ཀསར་ཆ23
  • %x (པས་ལ%yཟལ%mཚས%d) — date format 📅
2008-02-05T18:30:30 = པས་ལ08ཟལ02ཚས05
1995-12-22T09:05:02 = པས་ལ95ཟལ12ཚས22
-0010-09-15T04:44:23 = པས་ལ10ཟལ09ཚས15
  • %X (ཆ་ཚད%Hཀསར་མ%Mཀསར་ཆ%S) — time format ⏱️
2008-02-05T18:30:30 = ཆ་ཚད18ཀསར་མ30ཀསར་ཆ30
1995-12-22T09:05:02 = ཆ་ཚད09ཀསར་མ05ཀསར་ཆ02
-0010-09-15T04:44:23 = ཆ་ཚད04ཀསར་མ44ཀསར་ཆ23

🫶 SUPPORT 🫶

See DateTime::Locale.

💖 and that’s the whole DateTim...e::dz_BT(3) page, bestie! It comes from perl v5.42.0, dated 2024-12-12. Go format something and slay the day. ✨
📦 where this page comes from