HMAC(3ossl)

📦

version 15.1 · 2 versions

15.1 · freebsd 15.1 (latest)
14.5 · freebsd 14.5

💅 HMAC — hmm, what's the tea? (NAME)

Okay bestie, gather round: this page is about HMAC, HMAC_CTX_new, HMAC_CTX_reset, HMAC_CTX_free, HMAC_Init, HMAC_Init_ex, HMAC_Update, HMAC_Final, HMAC_CTX_copy, HMAC_CTX_set_flags, HMAC_CTX_get_md, and HMAC_size — aka the HMAC message authentication code crew, straight out of the 3ossl manual. ✨

🌸 SYNOPSIS 🌸

The main character, no deprecation, no drama:

#include <openssl/hmac.h>

unsigned char *HMAC(const EVP_MD *evp_md, const void *key, int key_len,
                    const unsigned char *data, size_t data_len,
                    unsigned char *md, unsigned int *md_len);

🫶 Heads up bestie: the next bunch has been deprecated since OpenSSL 3.0, and you can hide them entirely by defining OPENSSL_API_COMPAT with a suitable version value — see openssl_user_macros(7).

HMAC_CTX *HMAC_CTX_new(void);
int HMAC_CTX_reset(HMAC_CTX *ctx);

int HMAC_Init_ex(HMAC_CTX *ctx, const void *key, int key_len,
                 const EVP_MD *md, ENGINE *impl);
int HMAC_Update(HMAC_CTX *ctx, const unsigned char *data, size_t len);
int HMAC_Final(HMAC_CTX *ctx, unsigned char *md, unsigned int *len);

void HMAC_CTX_free(HMAC_CTX *ctx);

int HMAC_CTX_copy(HMAC_CTX *dctx, HMAC_CTX *sctx);
void HMAC_CTX_set_flags(HMAC_CTX *ctx, unsigned long flags);
const EVP_MD *HMAC_CTX_get_md(const HMAC_CTX *ctx);

size_t HMAC_size(const HMAC_CTX *e);

And this one? Deprecated since OpenSSL 1.1.0 — same deal, hide it with OPENSSL_API_COMPAT at a suitable version value, see openssl_user_macros(7):

int HMAC_Init(HMAC_CTX *ctx, const void *key, int key_len,
              const EVP_MD *md);

✨ DESCRIPTION ✨

So like, HMAC is a MAC — a message authentication code. It's a keyed hash function used for message authentication, and it's built on top of a hash function. It's giving "trust but verify" but make it cryptography. 🔥

HMAC() computes the message authentication code of the data_len bytes at data, using the hash function evp_md and the key key which is key_len bytes long. The key may also be NULL with key_len being 0. Yes, that's allowed, no cap.

It places the result in md — and md must have space for the output of the hash function, which is no more than EVP_MAX_MD_SIZE bytes. If md is NULL, the digest gets placed in a static array instead. The size of the output is placed in md_len, unless it's NULL.

💀 Note: passing a NULL value for md to use the static array is not thread safe. Like, at all. Don't do it in a threaded situation bestie, please.

evp_md is a message digest such as EVP_sha1(), EVP_ripemd160() etc. And HMAC does not support variable output length digests such as EVP_shake128() and EVP_shake256() — those are a different vibe entirely.

HMAC() uses the default OSSL_LIB_CTX. Use EVP_Q_mac(3) instead if a library context is required. 🦋

⚠️ Okay so all of the functions described below are deprecated. Applications should instead use EVP_MAC_CTX_new(3), EVP_MAC_CTX_free(3), EVP_MAC_init(3), EVP_MAC_update(3) and EVP_MAC_final(3) — or the 'quick' single-shot MAC function EVP_Q_mac(3). Glow up, move on. 💅

HMAC_CTX_new() creates a new HMAC_CTX in heap memory. Fresh out the box.

HMAC_CTX_reset() clears an existing HMAC_CTX and associated resources, making it suitable for new computations as if it was newly created with HMAC_CTX_new(). It's giving rebrand. 🎀

HMAC_CTX_free() erases the key and other data from the HMAC_CTX, releases any associated resources, and finally frees the HMAC_CTX itself. If the argument is NULL, nothing is done — very chill, very unbothered.

The following functions may be used if the message is not completely stored in memory (iykyk, streaming):

HMAC_Init_ex() initializes or reuses a HMAC_CTX structure to use the hash function evp_md and key key. If both are NULL, or if key is NULL and evp_md is the same as the previous call, then the existing key is reused. And ctx must have been created with HMAC_CTX_new() before the first use of an HMAC_CTX in this function. No shortcuts. 🚫

If HMAC_Init_ex() is called with key NULL and evp_md is not the same as the previous digest used by ctx, then an error is returned — because reuse of an existing key with a different digest is not supported. That combo is lowkey illegal, sorry. 😭

HMAC_Init() initializes a HMAC_CTX structure to use the hash function evp_md and the key key which is key_len bytes long.

HMAC_Update() can be called repeatedly with chunks of the message to be authenticated (len bytes at data). Feeding it bit by bit, slay.

HMAC_Final() places the message authentication code in md, which must have space for the hash function output.

HMAC_CTX_copy() copies all of the internal state from sctx into dctx. Twin energy. 👯

HMAC_CTX_set_flags() applies the specified flags to the internal EVP_MD_CTXs. These flags have the same meaning as for EVP_MD_CTX_set_flags(3).

HMAC_CTX_get_md() returns the EVP_MD that has previously been set for the supplied HMAC_CTX.

HMAC_size() returns the length in bytes of the underlying hash function output.

🦋 RETURN VALUES 🦋

HMAC() returns a pointer to the message authentication code, or NULL if an error occurred.
HMAC_CTX_new() returns a pointer to a new HMAC_CTX on success, or NULL if an error occurred.
HMAC_CTX_reset(), HMAC_Init_ex(), HMAC_Update(), HMAC_Final() and HMAC_CTX_copy() return 1 for success or 0 if an error occurred. Classic.
HMAC_CTX_get_md() returns the EVP_MD previously set for the supplied HMAC_CTX, or NULL if no EVP_MD has been set.
HMAC_size() returns the length in bytes of the underlying hash function output, or zero on error.

👑 CONFORMING TO 👑

RFC 2104 — she follows the rules, iconically. ⭐

🌈 SEE ALSO 🌈

SHA1(3), EVP_Q_mac(3), evp(7) — go read those too, bestie, they're literally right there. 🫶

💜 HISTORY 💜

Okay so the lore:

All functions except for HMAC() were deprecated in OpenSSL 3.0.
HMAC_CTX_init() was replaced with HMAC_CTX_reset() in OpenSSL 1.1.0.
HMAC_CTX_cleanup() existed in OpenSSL before version 1.1.0.
HMAC_CTX_new(), HMAC_CTX_free() and HMAC_CTX_get_md() are new in OpenSSL 1.1.0.
HMAC_Init_ex(), HMAC_Update() and HMAC_Final() did not return values in OpenSSL before version 1.0.0. They were out here returning nothing, main character energy with zero feedback. 🙈

🎀 COPYRIGHT 🎀

Licensed under the Apache License 2.0 (the "License"). You may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You can obtain a copy in the file LICENSE in the source distribution or at <https://www.openssl.org/source/license.html>.

And that's the whole page, bestie — brought to you by the 3ossl girlies, version 3.5.6, dated 2026-04-07. Periodt. 💅✨🌸

📦 where this page comes from

freebsd 15.1: base 15.1
💖 girlified by deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-V4.1-Flash-1017 on 2026-11-04: a language model's rewrite of the original, under its terms