EXEC(1POSIX)

📦 version 2017a, in debian bookworm, debian trixie, ubuntu jammy, ubuntu noble, ubuntu resolute, ubuntu stonking

💅 EXEC(1POSIX) — the POSIX Programmer's Manual, bestie edition 🎀

okay so before we even get into it, this is a page from the POSIX Programmer's Manual. quick heads-up that's literally in the original and I'm not making it up: the Linux implementation of this interface may differ (so go consult the corresponding Linux manual page for details on Linux behavior), or honestly the interface might not even be implemented on Linux at all. vibe check accordingly ✨

🌸 PROLOG 🌸

This manual page is part of the POSIX Programmer's Manual. The Linux implementation of this interface may differ (consult the corresponding Linux manual page for details of Linux behavior), or the interface may not be implemented on Linux.

👑 NAME 👑

exec — execute commands and open, close, or copy file descriptors

like. she does it ALL. periodt.

✨ SYNOPSIS ✨

exec [command [argument...]]

💖 DESCRIPTION 💖

The exec utility shall open, close, and/or copy file descriptors as specified by any redirections as part of the command.

If exec is specified without command or arguments, and any file descriptors with numbers greater than 2 are opened with associated redirection statements, it is unspecified whether those file descriptors remain open when the shell invokes another utility. so like, it's giving mystery, and not in a fun way 😭. Scripts that are concerned that child shells could misuse open file descriptors can always close them explicitly, as shown in one of the examples down below. bestie, just close them. it's self care. 🫶

If exec is specified with command, it shall replace the shell with command without creating a new process. no new process, no extra baggage, she simply becomes the command. main character energy fr fr. If arguments are specified, they shall be arguments to command. Redirection affects the current shell execution environment.

💅 OPTIONS 💅

None.

(yeah. nothing. she doesn't need options, she IS the option. iconic.)

🦋 OPERANDS 🦋

See the DESCRIPTION.

🌈 STDIN 🌈

Not used.

🍓 INPUT FILES 🍓

None.

💜 ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES 💜

None.

⭐ ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS ⭐

Default.

🧚 STDOUT 🧚

Not used.

🌸 STDERR 🌸

The standard error shall be used only for diagnostic messages.

🎀 OUTPUT FILES 🎀

None.

💖 EXTENDED DESCRIPTION 💖

None.

🔥 EXIT STATUS 🔥

okay this part actually matters so listen up:

  • If command is specified, exec shall not return to the shell; rather, the exit status of the process shall be the exit status of the program implementing command, which overlaid the shell.
  • If command is not found, the exit status shall be 127.
  • If command is found, but it is not an executable utility, the exit status shall be 126.
  • If a redirection error occurs (see Section 2.8.1, Consequences of Shell Errors), the shell shall exit with a value in the range 1-125.
  • Otherwise, exec shall return a zero exit status.

💀 CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS 💀

Default.

The following sections are informative.

🌟 APPLICATION USAGE 🌟

None.

💖 EXAMPLES 💖 (the fun part, lowkey)

Open readfile as file descriptor 3 for reading:

exec 3< readfile

Open writefile as file descriptor 4 for writing:

exec 4> writefile

Make file descriptor 5 a copy of file descriptor 0:

exec 5<&0

Close file descriptor 3:

exec 3<&-

Cat the file maggie by replacing the current shell with the cat utility:

exec cat maggie

and yes we are all obsessed with maggie now, she's the moment 💅✨

🧠 RATIONALE 🧠

Most historical implementations were not conformant in that:

foo=bar exec cmd

did not pass foo to cmd.

not me finding out the ancestors were out here being wrong 😭

🦋 FUTURE DIRECTIONS 🦋

None.

👀 SEE ALSO 👀

  • Section 2.14, Special Built-In Utilities

Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form from IEEE Std 1003.1-2017, Standard for Information Technology -- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX), The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 7, 2018 Edition, Copyright (C) 2018 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc and The Open Group. In the event of any discrepancy between this version and the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard is the referee document. The original Standard can be obtained online at http://www.opengroup.org/unix/online.html .

Any typographical or formatting errors that appear in this page are most likely to have been introduced during the conversion of the source files to man page format. To report such errors, see https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/reporting_bugs.html .

and that's the whole page bestie!! 💖✨🦋🌸💅🫶👑 this one came to you courtesy of IEEE/The Open Group, dated 2017, filed under EXEC(1POSIX). go forth and replace your shell responsibly. mwah. 😘

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