SCAN-BUILD(1)

✨ SCAN-BUILD(1) ✨

okay so bestie, buckle up, because scan-build is literally the Clang static analyzer and it's about to be your new obsession 💅 this is a General Commands Manual page and i'm gonna walk you through every single crumb, no skips, no cap.

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🎀 NAME 🎀

scan-build — Clang static analyzer. that's it, that's the whole vibe 🌸

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🦋 SYNOPSIS 🦋

scan-build [-ohkvV] [-analyze-headers] [-enable-checker [checker_name]]
           [-disable-checker [checker_name]] [--help] [--help-checkers]
           [--html-title [=title]] [--keep-going] [-plist] [-plist-html]
           [--status-bugs] [--use-c++ [=compiler_path]]
           [--use-cc [=compiler_path]] [--view] [-constraints [model]]
           [-maxloop N] [-no-failure-reports] [-stats] [-store [model]]
           build_command [build_options]

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💖 DESCRIPTION 💖

so scan-build is a Perl script that invokes the Clang static analyzer. yes, Perl, we love a legacy queen 👑

the way it works is: the options used by scan-build or by the analyzer come first, and then you tack on the build_command and any build_options you'd normally use to build the target system. order matters bestie, don't fumble it.

the static analyzer employs a long list of checking algorithms — go look at the CHECKERS section, it's giving encyclopedia. output can be written in standard .plist and/or HTML format ✨

the following options are supported:

🌈 OPTIONS 🌈

• -analyze-headers — also analyze functions in #included files. yes, going deep, we love that for us 🫶
• -enable-checker checker_name, -disable-checker checker_name — enable or disable checker_name. peep the CHECKERS section for the full menu.
• -h, --help — display this message. the classic.
• --help-checkers — list the default checkers. again: CHECKERS, go read it 👀
• --html-title[=*title*] — specify the title used on generated HTML pages. if you don't give a title, a default one gets generated for you. no stress 💅
• -k, --keep-going — adds a "keep on going" option to build_command. currently supports make and xcodebuild. it's a convenience option fr — you could also just specify this behavior directly using build options, but why would you when this exists 😌
• -o — target directory for HTML report files. subdirectories will be created as needed to represent separate invocations of the analyzer. if you don't specify this option, a directory is created in /tmp (TMPDIR on Mac OS X) to store the reports. so like, it always has somewhere to go 🏠
• -plist — output the results as a set of .plist files. (by default the output of scan-build is a set of HTML files, just so you know the switch-up.)
• -plist-html — output the results as a set of HTML and .plist files. why not both, main character energy 💅
• --status-bugs — set exit status to 1 if it found potential bugs and 0 otherwise. by default the exit status of scan-build is whatever build_command returned. so this one lets the analyzer be the one calling the shots.
• --use-c++[=*compiler_path*] — guess the default compiler for your C++ and Objective-C++ code. use this option to specify an alternate compiler.
• --use-cc[=*compiler_path*] — guess the default compiler for your C and Objective-C code. use this option to specify an alternate compiler. twin behavior, different languages 🫶
• -v — verbose output from scan-build and the analyzer. a second and third v increases verbosity. so -v, -vv, -vvv, it's giving volume knob 🔥
• -V, --view — view analysis results in a web browser when the build completes. cute reveal moment ✨
• -constraints [*model*] — specify the constraint engine used by the analyzer. by default the 'range' model is used. specifying 'basic' uses a simpler, less powerful constraint model used by checker-0.160 and earlier. so like, basic is the old reliable, not the upgrade, fyi.
• -maxloop N — specify the number of times a block can be visited before giving up. default is 4. increase for more comprehensive coverage at a cost of speed. trade-offs, bestie, it's always trade-offs 😭
• -no-failure-reports — do not create a 'failures' subdirectory that includes analyzer crash reports and preprocessed source files. if you don't wanna see the mess, this is your girl.
• -stats — generates visitation statistics for the project being analyzed. numbers, we love numbers 📊
• -store [*model*] — specify the store model used by the analyzer. by default, the 'region' store model is used. 'region' specifies a field-sensitive store model. users can also specify 'basic' which is far less precise but can more quickly analyze code. 'basic' was the default store model for checker-0.221 and earlier. again with the old vs new, periodt.

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👑 EXIT STATUS 👑

scan-build returns the value returned by build_command — unless --status-bugs or --keep-going is used. that's the plot twist 🫠

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💀 CHECKERS 💀

the checkers listed below may be enabled/disabled using the -enable-checker and -disable-checker options. a default group of checkers is run unless explicitly disabled. exactly which checkers constitute the default group is a function of the operating system in use; they are listed with --help-checkers. iykyk 🌈

• core.AdjustedReturnValue — check to see if the return value of a function call is different than the caller expects (e.g., from calls through function pointers).
• core.AttributeNonNull — check for null pointers passed as arguments to a function whose arguments are marked with the 'nonnull' attribute.
• core.CallAndMessage — check for logical errors for function calls and Objective-C message expressions (e.g., uninitialized arguments, null function pointers).
• core.DivideZero — check for division by zero.
• core.NullDereference — check for dereferences of null pointers.
• core.StackAddressEscape — check that addresses to stack memory do not escape the function.
• core.UndefinedBinaryOperatorResult — check for undefined results of binary operators.
• core.VLASize — check for declarations of VLA of undefined or zero size.
• core.builtin.BuiltinFunctions — evaluate compiler builtin functions, e.g. alloca().
• core.builtin.NoReturnFunctions — evaluate 'panic' functions that are known to not return to the caller.
• core.uninitialized.ArraySubscript — check for uninitialized values used as array subscripts.
• core.uninitialized.Assign — check for assigning uninitialized values.
• core.uninitialized.Branch — check for uninitialized values used as branch conditions.
• core.uninitialized.CapturedBlockVariable — check for blocks that capture uninitialized values.
• core.uninitialized.UndefReturn — check for uninitialized values being returned to the caller.
• deadcode.DeadStores — check for values stored to variables that are never read afterwards.
• debug.DumpCFG — display Control-Flow Graphs.
• debug.DumpCallGraph — display Call Graph.
• debug.DumpDominators — print the dominance tree for a given Control-Flow Graph.
• debug.DumpLiveVars — print results of live variable analysis.
• debug.Stats — emit warnings with analyzer statistics.
• debug.TaintTest — mark tainted symbols as such.
• debug.ViewCFG — view Control-Flow Graphs using GraphViz.
• debug.ViewCallGraph — view Call Graph using GraphViz.
• llvm.Conventions — check code for LLVM codebase conventions.
• osx.API — check for proper uses of various Mac OS X APIs.
• osx.AtomicCAS — evaluate calls to OSAtomic functions.
• osx.SecKeychainAPI — check for proper uses of Secure Keychain APIs.
• osx.cocoa.AtSync — check for null pointers used as mutexes for @synchronized.
• osx.cocoa.ClassRelease — check for sending 'retain', 'release,' or 'autorelease' directly to a Class.
• osx.cocoa.IncompatibleMethodTypes — warn about Objective-C method signatures with type incompatibilities.
• osx.cocoa.NSAutoreleasePool — warn for suboptimal uses of NSAutoreleasePool in Objective-C GC mode.
• osx.cocoa.NSError — check usage of NSError** parameters.
• osx.cocoa.NilArg — check for prohibited nil arguments to Objective-C method calls.
• osx.cocoa.RetainCount — check for leaks and improper reference count management.
• osx.cocoa.SelfInit — check that 'self' is properly initialized inside an initializer method.
• osx.cocoa.UnusedIvars — warn about private ivars that are never used.
• osx.cocoa.VariadicMethodTypes — check for passing non-Objective-C types to variadic methods that expect only Objective-C types.
• osx.coreFoundation.CFError — check usage of CFErrorRef* parameters.
• osx.coreFoundation.CFNumber — check for proper uses of CFNumberCreate().
• osx.coreFoundation.CFRetainRelease — check for null arguments to CFRetain(), CFRelease(), and CFMakeCollectable().
• osx.coreFoundation.containers.OutOfBounds — checks for index out-of-bounds when using the CFArray API.
• osx.coreFoundation.containers.PointerSizedValues — warns if CFArray, CFDictionary, or CFSet are created with non-pointer-size values.
• security.FloatLoopCounter — warn on using a floating point value as a loop counter (CERT: FLP30-C, FLP30-CPP).
• security.insecureAPI.UncheckedReturn — warn on uses of functions whose return values must be always checked.
• security.insecureAPI.getpw — warn on uses of getpw().
• security.insecureAPI.gets — warn on uses of gets().
• security.insecureAPI.mkstemp — warn when mkstemp() is passed fewer than 6 X's in the format string.
• security.insecureAPI.mktemp — warn on uses of mktemp().
• security.insecureAPI.rand — warn on uses of rand(), random(), and related functions.
• security.insecureAPI.strcpy — warn on uses of strcpy() and strcat().
• security.insecureAPI.vfork — warn on uses of vfork().
• unix.API — check calls to various UNIX/Posix functions.
• unix.Malloc — check for memory leaks, double free, and use-after-free.
• unix.cstring.BadSizeArg — check the size argument passed into C string functions for common erroneous patterns.
• unix.cstring.NullArg — check for null pointers being passed as arguments to C string functions.

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⭐ EXAMPLE ⭐

scan-build -o /tmp/myhtmldir make -j4

the above example causes analysis reports to be deposited into a subdirectory of /tmp/myhtmldir and to run make with the -j4 option. a different subdirectory is created each time scan-build analyzes a project. the analyzer should support most parallel builds, but not distributed builds. so parallel = yes, distributed = absolutely not, noted 🫶

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🌸 AUTHORS 🌸

scan-build was written by Ted Kremenek. documentation contributed by James K. Lowden <jklowden@schemamania.org>. legends only, we stan 👑

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and that's the whole page bestie, every crumb accounted for 💖

this was clang 17 energy, dated Feb 10, 2022 — so like, a lil vintage but still iconic, fr fr. go analyze something and slay ✨🎀💅