STRINGS(1)

📦
version 2.40.50~ti1ubuntu1 · 2 versions
, in ubuntu noble

💖 STRINGS(1) — the group chat guide to GNU Development Tools' strings 💖

okay bestie, sit down, hydrate, because today we're learning about strings — the little binutils icon that goes digging through your files and pulls out the printable characters hiding inside. no cap, it's giving "x-ray vision for binaries" and I'm obsessed. 🦋

✨ NAME ✨

strings — print the sequences of printable characters in files. literally that's it, that's the whole job, and she does it flawlessly. 💅

🌸 SYNOPSIS 🌸

strings [-afovV] [-min-len]
        [-n min-len] [--bytes=min-len]
        [-t radix] [--radix=radix]
        [-e encoding] [--encoding=encoding]
        [-U method] [--unicode=method]
        [-] [--all] [--print-file-name]
        [-T bfdname] [--target=bfdname]
        [-w] [--include-all-whitespace]
        [-s] [--output-separator sep_string]
        [--help] [--version] file...

look at all those flags. she's versatile. she contains multitudes. 👑

🎀 DESCRIPTION 🎀

so here's the vibe: for each file you hand her, GNU strings prints the printable character sequences that are at least 4 characters long (or whatever length you told her with the options below, bestie, you're in charge) and that are followed by an unprintable character. that last bit matters — no dangling half-strings, she's precise. ✨

depending on how the strings program was configured, she'll default to either displaying all the printable sequences she can find in each file, or only those sequences that live in loadable, initialized data sections. two different girls, same name, depends on the build. 🫶

but!! if the file type is unrecognizable, or if strings is reading from stdin, then she always displays all of the printable sequences she can find. no gatekeeping in that case, periodt.

for backwards compatibility: any file that shows up after a command-line option of just - will also be scanned in full, regardless of whether a -d option is hanging around. the past really said "let me in" and we said "okay." 😭

strings is mainly useful for determining the contents of non-text files. iykyk. 🔍

💅 OPTIONS 💅

  • -a, --all, - — Scan the whole file, regardless of what sections it contains or whether those sections are loaded or initialized. Normally this is the default behaviour, but strings can be configured so that -d is the default instead.

the - option is position dependent and forces strings to perform full scans of any file that is mentioned after the - on the command line, even if the -d option has been specified. so like, placement matters. main character energy only works in the right spot. 💀

  • -d, --data — Only print strings from initialized, loaded data sections in the file. This may reduce the amount of garbage in the output, but it also exposes the strings program to any security flaws that may be present in the BFD library used to scan and load sections. Strings can be configured so that this option is the default behaviour. In such cases the -a option can be used to avoid using the BFD library and instead just print all of the strings found in the file.
okay so that security thing? not a joke, bestie. -d literally opens her up to any security flaws in the BFD library. use it knowing that. 🙈
  • -f, --print-file-name — Print the name of the file before each string. so you know who said what. receipts. 🧾
  • --help — Print a summary of the program usage on the standard output and exit.
  • -min-len, -n min-len, --bytes=min-len — Print sequences of displayable characters that are at least min-len characters long. If not specified a default minimum length of 4 is used. The distinction between displayable and non-displayable characters depends upon the setting of the -e and -U options. Sequences are always terminated at control characters such as new-line and carriage-return, but not the tab character.
  • -o — Like -t o. Some other versions of strings have -o act like -t d instead. Since we can not be compatible with both ways, we simply chose one. and honestly? she said pick a lane and she picked it. 🚗
  • -t radix, --radix=radix — Print the offset within the file before each string. The single character argument specifies the radix of the offset — o for octal, x for hexadecimal, or d for decimal.
  • -e encoding, --encoding=encoding — Select the character encoding of the strings that are to be found. Possible values for encoding are: s = single-7-bit-byte characters (default), S = single-8-bit-byte characters, b = 16-bit bigendian, l = 16-bit littleendian, B = 32-bit bigendian, L = 32-bit littleendian. Useful for finding wide character strings. (l and b apply to, for example, Unicode UTF-16/UCS-2 encodings).
  • -U [d|i|l|e|x|h], --unicode=[default|invalid|locale|escape|hex|highlight] — Controls the display of UTF-8 encoded multibyte characters in strings. The default (--unicode=default) is to give them no special treatment, and instead rely upon the setting of the --encoding option. The other values for this option automatically enable --encoding=S. noted. 📝

The --unicode=invalid option treats them as non-graphic characters and hence not part of a valid string. All the remaining options treat them as valid string characters.

The --unicode=locale option displays them in the current locale, which may or may not support UTF-8 encoding. The --unicode=hex option displays them as hex byte sequences enclosed between <> characters. The --unicode=escape option displays them as escape sequences (\uxxxx) and the --unicode=highlight option displays them as escape sequences highlighted in red (if supported by the output device). The colouring is intended to draw attention to the presence of unicode sequences where they might not be expected. 🚨

  • -T bfdname, --target=bfdname — Specify an object code format other than your system's default format.
  • -v, -V, --version — Print the program version number on the standard output and exit.
  • -w, --include-all-whitespace — By default tab and space characters are included in the strings that are displayed, but other whitespace characters, such a newlines and carriage returns, are not. The -w option changes this so that all whitespace characters are considered to be part of a string. she's inclusive like that. 🌈
  • -s, --output-separator — By default, output strings are delimited by a new-line. This option allows you to supply any string to be used as the output record separator. Useful with --include-all-whitespace where strings may contain new-lines internally. (see the synopsis for sep_string, that's where you put your separator, bestie 💖)
  • @file — Read command-line options from file. The options read are inserted in place of the original @file option. If file does not exist, or cannot be read, then the option will be treated literally, and not removed.

Options in file are separated by whitespace. A whitespace character may be included in an option by surrounding the entire option in either single or double quotes. Any character (including a backslash) may be included by prefixing the character to be included with a backslash. The file may itself contain additional @file options; any such options will be processed recursively. it's files all the way down, and honestly? iconic. 🌀

🌟 SEE ALSO 🌟

ar(1), nm(1), objdump(1), ranlib(1), readelf(1) and the Info entries for binutils. go read the whole friend group, they're all slaying in their own lane. 👑

Copyright (c) 1991-2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License".

and that's the whole page, bestie 🫶 this was binutils-2.40.50, dated 2023-07-04, and she's still out here reading your binaries' diaries. go forth and strings something. no cap. 💖✨🎀

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