GDBSERVER(1)

📦
version 12.0.140~12.0.1 · 3 versions
, in ubuntu noble

🎀 NAME 🎀

gdbserver — the remote server for the GNU Debugger, fr fr. This one's from the GNU Development Tools manual, and she's here to let you debug stuff on a whole different machine than the one running your program. iconic behavior honestly 💅

✨ SYNOPSIS ✨

gdbserver comm prog [args...]

gdbserver --attach comm pid

gdbserver --multi comm

🦋 DESCRIPTION 🦋

okay so. gdbserver is a program that lets you run GDB on a different machine than the one which is running the program being debugged. that's the whole vibe. remote debugging, no cap 💖

🌸 Usage (server (target) side) 🌸

First things first bestie: you need a copy of the program you want to debug, put onto the target system. And here's the cute part — the program can be stripped to save space if needed, because gdbserver doesn't care about symbols. literally does not care. All symbol handling is taken care of by the GDB running on the host system. she's got it handled 🫶

To use the server, you log on to the target system, and run the gdbserver program. You must tell it:

  • (a) how to communicate with GDB,
  • (b) the name of your program,
  • (c) its arguments.

The general syntax is:

target> gdbserver <comm> <program> [<args> ...]

For example, using a serial port, you might say:

target> gdbserver /dev/com1 emacs foo.txt

This tells gdbserver to debug emacs with an argument of foo.txt, and to communicate with GDB via /dev/com1. gdbserver now waits patiently for the host GDB to communicate with it. so polite. so demure 🎀

To use a TCP connection, you could say:

target> gdbserver host:2345 emacs foo.txt

This says pretty much the same thing as the last example, except that we are going to communicate with the "host" GDB via TCP. The "host:2345" argument means that we are expecting to see a TCP connection from "host" to local TCP port 2345. (Currently, the "host" part is ignored.) You can choose any number you want for the port number as long as it does not conflict with any existing TCP ports on the target system. This same port number must be used in the host GDB's "target remote" command, which will be described shortly. Note that if you chose a port number that conflicts with another service, gdbserver will print an error message and exit. 💀 so pick wisely.

gdbserver can also attach to running programs. This is accomplished via the --attach argument. The syntax is:

target> gdbserver --attach <comm> <pid>

pid is the process ID of a currently running process. It isn't necessary to point gdbserver at a binary for the running process. ngl that's convenient.

To start "gdbserver" without supplying an initial command to run or process ID to attach, use the --multi command line option. In such case you should connect using "target extended-remote" to start the program you want to debug.

target> gdbserver --multi <comm>

💜 Usage (host side) 💜

You need an unstripped copy of the target program on your host system, since GDB needs to examine its symbol tables and such. Start up GDB as you normally would, with the target program as the first argument. (You may need to use the --baud option if the serial line is running at anything except 9600 baud.) That is "gdb TARGET-PROG", or "gdb --baud BAUD TARGET-PROG". After that, the only new command you need to know about is "target remote" (or "target extended-remote"). Its argument is either a device name (usually a serial device, like /dev/ttyb), or a "HOST:PORT" descriptor. For example:

(gdb) target remote /dev/ttyb

communicates with the server via serial line /dev/ttyb, and:

(gdb) target remote the-target:2345

communicates via a TCP connection to port 2345 on host the-target, where you previously started up gdbserver with the same port number. Note that for TCP connections, you must start up gdbserver prior to using the target remote command, otherwise you may get an error that looks something like Connection refused. 😭 we've all been there.

gdbserver can also debug multiple inferiors at once, described in the GDB manual in node "Inferiors Connections and Programs" — shell command "info -f gdb -n 'Inferiors Connections and Programs'". In such case use the "extended-remote" GDB command variant:

(gdb) target extended-remote the-target:2345

The gdbserver option --multi may or may not be used in such case. dealer's choice bestie ✨

💅 OPTIONS 💅

There are three different modes for invoking gdbserver:

  • Debug a specific program specified by its program name:
gdbserver <comm> <prog> [<args>...]

The comm parameter specifies how should the server communicate with GDB; it is either a device name (to use a serial line), a TCP port number (":1234"), or "-" or "stdio" to use stdin/stdout of "gdbserver". Specify the name of the program to debug in prog. Any remaining arguments will be passed to the program verbatim. When the program exits, GDB will close the connection, and "gdbserver" will exit. clean exit, we love to see it.

  • Debug a specific program by specifying the process ID of a running program:
gdbserver --attach <comm> <pid>

The comm parameter is as described above. Supply the process ID of a running program in pid; GDB will do everything else. Like with the previous mode, when the process pid exits, GDB will close the connection, and "gdbserver" will exit.

  • Multi-process mode — debug more than one program/process:
gdbserver --multi <comm>

In this mode, GDB can instruct gdbserver which command(s) to run. Unlike the other 2 modes, GDB will not close the connection when a process being debugged exits, so you can debug several processes in the same session. multitasking queen 👑

In each of the modes you may specify these options:

  • --help — List all options, with brief explanations. your bestie when you're lost 🫶
  • --version — This option causes gdbserver to print its version number and exit.
  • --attach — gdbserver will attach to a running program. The syntax is:
target> gdbserver --attach <comm> <pid>

pid is the process ID of a currently running process. It isn't necessary to point gdbserver at a binary for the running process.

  • --multi — To start "gdbserver" without supplying an initial command to run or process ID to attach, use this command line option. Then you can connect using "target extended-remote" and start the program you want to debug. The syntax is:
target> gdbserver --multi <comm>
  • --debug — Instruct "gdbserver" to display extra status information about the debugging process. This option is intended for "gdbserver" development and for bug reports to the developers. iykyk, devs only 🔧
  • --remote-debug — Instruct "gdbserver" to display remote protocol debug output. This option is intended for "gdbserver" development and for bug reports to the developers.
  • --debug-file=filename — Instruct "gdbserver" to send any debug output to the given filename. This option is intended for "gdbserver" development and for bug reports to the developers.
  • --debug-format=option1[,option2,...] — Instruct "gdbserver" to include extra information in each line of debugging output.
  • --wrapper — Specify a wrapper to launch programs for debugging. The option should be followed by the name of the wrapper, then any command-line arguments to pass to the wrapper, then -- indicating the end of the wrapper arguments.
  • --once — By default, gdbserver keeps the listening TCP port open, so that additional connections are possible. However, if you start "gdbserver" with the --once option, it will stop listening for any further connection attempts after connecting to the first GDB session. one and done, periodt 💅

🌈 SEE ALSO 🌈

The full documentation for GDB is maintained as a Texinfo manual. If the "info" and "gdb" programs and GDB's Texinfo documentation are properly installed at your site, the command

info gdb

should give you access to the complete manual. go read it bestie, it's giving encyclopedia 📚

Using GDB: A Guide to the GNU Source-Level Debugger, Richard M. Stallman and Roland H. Pesch, July 1991.

Copyright (c) 1988-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the Invariant Sections being "Free Software" and "Free Software Needs Free Documentation", with the Front-Cover Texts being "A GNU Manual," and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below.

(a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: "You are free to copy and modify this GNU Manual. Buying copies from GNU Press supports the FSF in developing GNU and promoting software freedom."

🫶 and that's the whole page! this lil beauty is from gdb-12.1, dated 2024-04-01, page GDBSERVER(1). go debug something remotely, you absolute main character 💖✨🦋
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